British Influence Turned the Indians From Civilized to Savage-Like Essa

British Influence Turned the Indians From Civilized to Savage-Like The average British citizen in America during the 17th Century had a preconceived notion of Indians as savage beasts. However, before the arrival of the British, the New England Indians, specifically the Wampanoag tribe, lived a harmonious and interdependent lifestyle. Conflict among the Wampanoag was limited to minor tribal disputes. The war methods of the Indians were in occurrence more civilized than the British methods. The close living quarters of the British and Indians forced the Indians to adopt aspects of British civilization in order to survive, such as the ways of warfare. Douglas Leach in his book Flintlock and Tomahawk New England in the time of King Philips War argues that British order on Indian society turned the Indians from savage to civilized. This paper will argue that British influence turned the Indians from civilized to savage. The examination of Wampanoag behavior from before British influ ence through King Philips War proves that Wampanoag beliefs became more materialistic, that land ownership became important, and that unnecessary violence became a part of their warfare. The way the Indians conducted war, although it appeared primitive and frightening, in actuality was less idle than the Puritans way of warfare. Leach describes the Wampanoag way of battle as unsophisticated and dance around a fire beating drums with their faces painted in order to leaven their ferocious manners. Then, using bows and arrows, tomahawks, and knives the Indians would send small groups of warriors against their enemy village. As a form of revenge during war the Indians often scalped their enemies as a trophy or captured their enemies for... ... in reality the Indians showed more civility than the British. It was not until the adoption of British methods that the Indians behavior became uncivilized, ruthless and cruel. Works Cited Anderson, Virginia DeJohn. King Philips Herds India ns, Colonists, and the Problem of Livestock in primeval New England. William and bloody shame Quarterly 51.(1994) 601-624 Drake, James D. King Philips War Civil War in New England 1675-1676. Massachusetts University of Massachusetts Press, 1999. Hirsch, Adam J. The Collision of armed services Cultures in Seventeenth-Century New England. The Journal of American History. 74. 4 (1988) 1187-1212. Leach, Douglas E. flintlock and Tomahawk New England in King Philips War. NewYork Norton, 1959 Salisbury, Neal, ed. The Sovereignty and Goodness of God by Mary Rowlandson with Related Documents. Boston Bedford Books, 1997.

The Future of Career Development. Essay -- Careers Workforce Job Essay

The Future of Career DevelopmentTrends in the changing body of work have created concern practices that have implications for career development. Company downsizing, early retirement buyouts, and the growing use of contingent employment has led some people to vexation that full-time employment will not be available to them. However, new configurations of workers and alternative work arrangements do not necessarily signify lost employment opportunities. This Myths and Realities examines the differences between perception and practice as they relates to employment and career development. Loyalty and job security have disappeared The new partnership relationship between employer and employee, which is reportedly replacing the old parent-child relationship, emphasizes worker employability. In the partnership relationship, employers provide employees with opportunities for career and skill development, and employees take advantage of the opportunities they are given to enhance their sk ills, marketability, and potential for act employment. Philosophically, this employer-employee trade off is equally beneficial. Employers invest time and money in their employees growth, employees learn updated skills that are reflected in improved worker productivity and increased confederation profits, and employers realize a good return on investment. In practice, however, the cycle is not always completed. Loyalty, which seems a natural outgrowth of the give and take process, may be too elusive to rely on chance. From the onset, organizations deciding to upgrade the skills and employability of their employees have been concerned that they could lose the workers they train to their competition. Filipczak (1995) countered this per... ...EL ADMINISTRATION 15, no. 2 (Spring 1995) 46-61. Filipczak, B. Youre on Your Own. TRAINING 32, no. 1 (January 1995) 29-36. Hetzer, B. Beware the Ties that Bind. BUSINESS WEEK, March 17, 1997, pp. 120-121. Kane, A. Older Workers Widen Role in Wo rk Force. CAREER MAGAZINE <http//careermag.com/newsarts/special/1193.html 1996 Kennedy, J. physical exercise Agreements Becoming More Common. THE PLAIN DEALER, June 1, 1997, p. 5D. National Alliance of Business. The Contingent Workforce Temporary Phenomenon or Permanent Fixture? WORKFORCE ECONOMICS 2, no. 7 (June 1996) 7-11. (ED 398 424) Tarrant, J. PERKS AND PARACHUTES. sassy York Random House, 1997. Your Life. USA TODAY 125, no. 2622 (March 1997) 6. Vickers, M. Quitting a New Job? You May Pay the Movers. NEW YORK TIMES, February 9, 1997, Section 3, p. 11.

Concepts of Family and Home in Jane Austens Persuasion Essay -- Jane

Concepts of Family and Home in Jane Austens Persuasion In Jane Austens last terminate novel, Persuasion, England is one orotund family with two distinct branches, the navy and the aristocratic upper class-it is no accident that the two large books consulted in the novel are the Baronetage and the ocean Lists. The naval family poses a threat to the aristocratic family in fact, undertones of social instability riddle the text, through imagery of death, illness, and accident. The marriages of Anne Elliott, Louisa Musgrove, and Harriet Musgrove reveal a gentry which can but redeem itself through intermarriage with the professional meritocratic class, symbolically taking on their values of utility and social responsibility, and abandoning an idle aristocracy in decline. In Persuasion, the only novel of Austens that does not center around a landed estate, the letting of Kellynch Hall shows an aristocracy ousted from its familial seats of power, in favor of the in style(predicate) worl d of Bath. Landed responsibility is given up for a hollow world of rented rooms and social display. The aristocracy is replaced in their hallowed hall by members of the new meritocracy, the Admiral and Mrs. Croft. The English navy has been world-renowned from the time of the Spanish Armada, in 1588, and played a key role in the expansion of the British empire not only does the navy serve as an example of Englishness, it helped create that very notion of national identity. In Persuasion, Austen domesticates the navy, portraying it as one large brotherhood. In fact, Captain Wentworth cancels a trip to his biological brother in order to visit his injured friend, Captain Harville. Officers discuss transporting each others wives to and fro on their boats,... ... Austen, Jane. preen and Prejudice. 1813. London Penguin Classics, 2003. Beer, Gillian. Introduction. Persuasion. By Jane Austen. London Penguin Classics, 1998. vii-xxviii. Butler, Marilyn. Jane Austen and the War of Ideas. 1975 . Oxford Clarendon Press, 1987. Wiltshire, John. Jane Austen and the Body. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1992. Works Consulted Austen, Jane. Mansfield Park. 1814. New York W. W. Norton & Company, 1998. Austen, Jane. Emma. 1816. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 2000. Colley, Linda. Britons Forging the Nation 1707-1837. New Haven Yale University Press, 1992. Copeland, Edward and Juliet McMaster, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1997. Johnson, Claudia. Jane Austen Women, Politics, and the Novel. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1988.

Anabolic Steroids Essay -- Drugs Veterinarian Biochemistry Essays

Anabolic Steroids Of the diagnostic methods available to veterinarians, the clinical chemistry outhousevas has developed into a valuable aid for localizing pathologic conditions. This test is actually a collection of specially selected individual tests. With just a small amount of whole strain or serum, many body establishments elicit be analyzed. Some of the more common screenings give information about the function of the kidneys, liver, and pancreas and about muscle and bone ailment. There ar many blood chemistry tests available to doctors. This paper covers the some of the more common tests. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is an end-product of protein metabolism. Like most of the other molecules in the body, amino acids are constantly renewed. In the course of this turnover, they may undergo deamination, the removal of the amino group. Deamination, which takes place principally in the liver, results in the formation of ammonia. In the liver, the ammonia is promptly converted to urea, which is relatively nontoxic, and is then released into the bloodstream. In the blood, it is readily removed through the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Any disease or condition that reduces glomerular filtration or increases protein destructive metabolism results in elevated BUN levels. Creatinine is another indicator of kidney function. Creatinine is a waste product derived from creatine. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus and blood levels are useful for estimating glomerular filtration rate. muscle builder tissue contains phosphocreatinine which is converted to creatinine by a nonenzymatic process. This spontaneous degradation occurs at a rather consistent rate (Merck, 1991). Causes of increases of both BUN and creatinine can be divided into three major categoriesprerenal, renal, and postrenal. Prerenal causes include heart disease, hypoadrenocorticism and shock. Postrenal causes include urethral obstruction or lacerations of the ureter, bladder, or urethra. True renal disease from glomerular, tubular, or interstitial dysfunction raises BUN and creatinine levels when over 70% of the nephrons become nonfunctional (Sodikoff, 1995). Glucose is a primary energy source for living organisms. The glucose level in blood is normally controlled to within narrow limits. Inadequate or excessive amounts of glucose or the inability to metabolize glucose can affect nearly every system in the body. Low blood gl... ...ecomes less invasive to the patient. The more information that is made available to the doctor allows a faster diagnosis and recovery for the patient. Bibliography Barrie, Joan and herds grass D. G. Watson. Hyperlipidemia. Current Veterinary Therapy XII. Ed. John Bonagura. PhiladelphiaW. B. Saunders, 1995. Bistner, Stephen l. Kirk and Bistners Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. PhiladelphiaW. B. Saunders, 1995. de Morais, HSA and William W. Muir. Strong Ions and Acid-Base Disorders. Current Veterinary Therapy XII. Ed. John Bonagura. PhiladelphiaW. B. Saunders, 1995. Fraser, Clarence M., ed. The Merck Veterinary Manual, Seventh Edition. Rahway, N. J.Merck & Co., 1991. Garrett, Reginald H. and Charles Grisham. Biochemistry. Fort WorthSaunders College Publishing, 1995. Lehninger, Albert, David Nelson and Michael Cox. Principles of Biochemistry. advanced YorkWorth Publishers, 1993. Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut. Animal PhysiologyAdaptation and environment. New YorkCambridge University Press, 1995. Sodikoff, Charles. Labratory Profiles of Small Animal Diseases. Santa BarbaraAmerican Veterinary Publications, 1995.

The Detrimental Effects of Traditional Bullying and Cyber Bullying Ess

We have all heard the phrase sticks and stones may break my bones but words nominate never hurt me on the playground or school bus ride home. The phrase was normally thrown out to bullies during a fight in the schoolyard, pushes in the hall, food thrown in the cafeteria, or during the endless teasing and taunting on bus rides to/from school. According to a national survey conducted by the National Center for Education Services, U.S. Department of Education in 2002, 32% of students in grades 6-12 reported being bullied. Only 9% reported injuries or needing health check attention. Fast forward to 2011 when these same victims of traditional bullying are in a flash college-aged. After suffering the detrimental effects of their traditional bullying experiences, these same individuals now face a new form of bullying with the help of technology cyber bullying. With the help of high-tech methods of communication, bullies are targeting their victims in non-traditional forms not with a pus h or punch thrown, but with words. Words, after all, do have meaning. If they didnt, there would be no such thing as understandable communication. If words did not matter, wherefore would anyone write a poem, a book, an article, or song lyrics? Why would we try to talk to each other, if words did not matter? Why do advertisers go to such pains to develop the right phrases in order to sell their products, or songwriters and authors spend time rewriting and rewriting until they get their ideas expressed in just the right way? Words are what we use to convey deeply held feelings, beliefs, and ideas. (Whittemore, 2009) Words can cut like a knife finished our souls and leave scars for a lifetime. Who has not been hurt by a loved one who spouted off in a fi... ...curity-Technology/News/2009/10/31/Campus-Police-Scrutinized-for-Role-in-Hazing.aspx.15. intimidate Statistics / Cyber Bullying Statistics / School Bullying Statistics. How to Stop Bullying Stop the Harassment before It Causes Permanent Damage. 2009. Web. 4 Nov. 2010. http//www.how-to-stop-bullying.com/bullyingstatistics.html16. National Institute of Child Health and gentle Development (April 24, 2001)/ Survey finds bullying widespread in U.S. schools. 17.National Association of Attorneys General. (2000). Bruised Inside What Our Children Say About Youth Violence, What Caused It, and What We Should Do About It. 18. Whittemore, Becky. Sticks and Stones May blend My Bones (But Words Can Do Even More Damage. Associated Content. 17, March 2009. 15 February 2011. http//www.associatedcontent.com/article/1571788/sticks_and_stones_may_break_my_bones.html?cat=41

Facts On Cocaine Essay -- essays research papers

Cocaine is a powerful central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that heightens alertness, inhibits appetite and the engage for sleep, and provides intense feelings of pleasure. It is wide-awake from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which grows primarily in Peru and Bolivia.Street dealers dilute it with inert (non-psychoactive) but similar-looking substances such as cornstarch, talcum powder, and sugar, or with active drugs such as procaine and benzocaine (used as local anesthetics), or other CNS stimulants such as amphetamines. Nevertheless, illicit cocaine has in truth become purer over the years according to RCMP figures, in 1988 its purity averaged about 75%.With repeated administration over time, users experience the drugs long-term effects. Euphoria is stepwise displaced by restlessness, extreme excitability, insomnia, and paranoia - and eventually hallucinations and delusions. These conditions, clinically identical to amphetamine psychosis and very similar to paranoid s chizophrenia, disappear rapidly in most cases after cocaine use is ended.Tolerance to any drug exists when higher doses are necessary to achieve the same effects once reached with lower doses. But scientists have non observed tolerance to cocaines stimulant effect users may keep taking the original amount over extended periods and still experience the same euphoria. visible effects of cocaine use include constricted peripheral blood vessels, dilated pupils, and increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The duration of cocaines immediate euphoric effects, which include hyperstimulation, decrease fatigue, and mental clarity, depends on the route of administration. The faster the absorption, the more intense the high. On the other hand, the faster the absorption, the shorter the duration of action. The high from snorting may last 15 to 30 minutes, while that from smoking may last 5 to 10 minutes. Increased use can reduce the period of stimulation.When people mix cocaine and alcohol consumption, they are compounding the danger each drug poses and unknowingly forming a complex chemical experiment within their bo live ons. NIDA-funded researchers have found that the valet de chambre liver combines cocaine and alcohol and manufactures a third substance, cocaethylene, that intensifies cocaines euphoric effects, while possibly increasing the risk of sudden death.Yes. Cocaine is of... ... the "Brompton cocktail". This was a judiciously-blended mixture of cocaine, diacetylmorphine and alcohol. The results were gratifying not just to the recipient. Relatives of the stricken patient were pleased, too, at the new-found look of spiritual peace and happiness suffusing the features of a loved one as (s)he prepared to meet his or her Maker. Drawing life to a close with a transcendentally orgasmic bang, and not a pathetic and god-forsaken whimper, can turn dying into the coming of ones existence rather than its present messy and protracted anti-climax. There is another good reason to finish life on a high note. In a predominantly secular society, adopting a hedonistic death-style is much more responsible from an ethical utilitarian perspective. For it promises to spare friends and relations the miseries of vicarious suffering and agony they are liable to undergo at present as they witness ones decline. A few generations hence, the elimination of primitive evolutionary holdovers such as the maturement process and suffering will make the hedonistic death advocated here redundant. In the meanwhile, one is conceived in pleasure and may reasonably hope to die in it.

History of Special Needs Provision in Ireland Essay

The history of information for tikeren with special needs in Ireland has been unitary of neglect and exclusion until there was a change in attitudes and policies. The government had no need for policies regarding schooling and c be of children with additional needs because they were carried out by religious orders. M whatever children were sent away to hospitals, homes and even asylums. They were hidden away from society. thither were three stages in relation to the raising and c ar of children with additional needs. date of reference of Neglect and DenialThe era of neglect and denial was when the government thought children with special needs didnt need to be better and were seen as a medical problem. The Medical Model of Disability thought that children with special needs were abnormal. The problem was seen to be with the person with special needs and this pattern focuses on the causes of the baulk and would look for cures rather than accept the person. The medical model of disability views disability as a problem that belongs to the disabled individual. It is not seen as an issue to anguish anyone opposite than the individual (www.2.le.ac.uk, Assessed 07 environ 2014).Era of Special SchoolsThe era of special works was when a number of religious orders set up schools for children with special needs. The care and education was entirely up to the religious orders and the children would often board here rather than stay at home with their families. These schools were later recognised by the state. The government right away believed children with special needs needed to be educated tho not with normal children. They believed that the children would interfere with the education of the other children and therefore could not be educated in the same schools.Era of Integration and InclusionThe era of integration and inclusion began when the government introduced policies on education for children with special needs. They introduced these because of the d ecline in faith and religious orders. The state took over the care and education of children with additional needs. There was a demand for these children to be educated in schools alongside children who did not pay off special educational needs. This did happen but the children with special needs were taught in separate classrooms away from the other children. They were been educated but still not included. There are over 140 special schools in Ireland to date. These schools are designed for children who pecknot be educated in mainstream schools. about children may go to these schools for a flow rate of time and then move into mainstream schools. Children with special needs are entitle to a free education until they reach eighteen years of age. They are entitled to help and support from resource teachers or special need assistants if the need it and to be educated in the same environment as every other child and to be treated equ eachy.Legislation and PoliciesThe Education Act 1998The Education Act 1998 was the first piece of legislation that outlined the rights regarding education. This act is a usual one but it provided the first legal definition of disability, the first legal definition of special educational needs and it defined what support serve are. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of teachers, gore of Management, the Inspector and the Minister for Education. The Education Act 1998 says that all children including children with special needs are entitled to free education. Parents have the right to send their children to a school of their choice. All schools must respect beliefs, languages and traditions of all children. Schools have to have a plan in place to deal with any obstacles that may chance on the education or welfare of a child with additional needs. All children have the right to be treated equally and should be included in all aspects of education despite their ability or disability. This was the first piece of legislation passed since the foundation of the state that directly outlined the governments rights and legal obligations regarding education (Assisting Children with Special needfully, Assessed 08 March 2014 10).The Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act 2004 This Act was passed to procure that all people with special educational needs can be educated in an inclusive environment where this is possible. They have the same rights to education as a person who does not have special educationalneeds. They have the right to the equipment they need in order to participate and continue with their education. The Board of Management needs to provide information to the parents and others relating to the education of the child. They need to ensure the progress of the child is monitored and reviewed regularly. To review the resources that are needed to help and provide education to children with special needs. They need to ensure that the needs of the child are organism met and that a p lan is put in place specifically for each child. This Act was passed in June, 2004. The Act makes provision for the education of people with special educational needs, to provide that education wherever possible, in an inclusive environment with those who do not have such needs (www.asti.ie, Accessed 10 March 2014)Special Needs ConditionsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)ADHD is a common behavioural infirmity that affects school age children and is more common in boys. Signs and SymptomsThere are three major symptoms of ADHD inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Some signs of ADHD are been easily distracted, switching from one activity to another frequently and talking excessively.CausesThe causes of ADHD are not known. There are a number of factors that may be linked to ADHD such as genetics, diet and family environments. Diagnosis The diagnosis should only(prenominal) be made if the problem has been assessed for more than six months and has happened in two or more places. This is because there are other conditions which are very confusable to ADHD that have to be ruled out. Attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) is a disorder that appears in earlier childhood. You may know it by the name solicitude deficit disorder, or ADD. ADD/ADHD makes it difficult for people to inhibit their spontaneous response response that can involve everything to speech to attentiveness (www.helpguide.org, Accessed 09 March 2014).Cerebral paralyzeCerebral Palsy occurs when the part of the brain that controls muscle tone and movement is damaged. The condition can result in someone skillful beenclumsy or it can be more severe where the person cannot walk or move any part of their body.Signs and SymptomsCerebral paralysis may have the following signs and symptoms, lack of movement, difficulty walking, delays in speech development and trouble with swallowing.CausesThere are no exact causes for cerebral palsy but it may be caused by brain damage before or during a childs birth.DiagnosisA diagnosis for cerebral palsy will only be made after a child has been assessed and tests carried out. The tests will focus on the childs movements and their muscle tone. Diagnosis for cerebral palsy can take a long time. Cerebral palsy is a term used to refer to a conference of complicated conditions that affect movement and posture because of damage to or failure in the development of the part of the brain that controls movement (www.sess.ie, Accessed 10 March 2014).AutismAutism is a developmental disorder that affects the brain from functioning properly. Autism affects the way a person communicates and how they relate to other people.Signs and SymptomsSome signs and symptoms of autism are if a child does not respond to their name by the age of twelve months, have no words by sixteen months and does not point at objects to show interest by fourteen months. The child will avoid eye contact and will like to play alone frequently.CausesThe exact caus e of autism is unknown. Abnormalities in the brain, genetics and environmental toxins may be causes but this have not been proven.DiagnosisA screening test to diagnoise autism must be based on the observation of communication, behaviour and development and analyze them to children in the same age group. Autism is a neurological condition in which a child is unable to relate to people and situations. It first emerges in early childhood, when the child is first developing social and interpersonal skills. It is a rare condition affecting approximately five people out ofevery 10,000 (www.irishhealth.com, Accessed 11 March 2014).DyslexiaDyslexia is a learning disorder which makes reading, writing and spelling more difficult. It is the most common learning difficulty among children.Signs and SymptomsThe most common sign of dyslexia is get letters and words jumbled up. Lack of self-esteem, bad behaviour and lack of interest in school related activities are symptoms of having dyslexia.Cau sesThere is no square evidence to suggest what causes dyslexia but it may be caused by an impairment in the brain or it may be inherited.DiagnosisTests will be done on a child that is suspected of having dyslexia and will focus on how the child processes information, their language abilities and word recognition. There was a time in Ireland when dyslexia was the disorder that dare not speak his name. The Dyslexia Association of Ireland. (DAI), established 40 years ago this year, had to change its name in the 1980s to the Association of Children and Adults with learnedness Difficulties, so it would be taken seriously (www.irishtimes.com, Accessed 11 March 2014).Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)FASD is mental and physical condition that results from alcohol exposure during pregnancy.Signs and SymptomsSome of the signs and symptoms of FASD may include having a small head, deformities of limbs, heart defects and vision or hearing difficulties.CausesThe causes of FASD is when a mo ther drinks alcohol excessively during her pregnancy. Alcohol interferes with the oxygen acquiring to the developing brain.DiagnosisFASD can only be diagnosed after a child is born. Doctors will access motor skills, facial features and heart problems.Support runHADD Ireland is a support group for people affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They offer a wide variety of servicesincluding courses for girlish people, courses for parents and support groups. In these courses they build skills, promote self-awareness and encourage problem solving. In the support groups they offer talks and workshops for parents that provide information and advice on ADHD. Cerebral Palsy Alliance is a support group that provides support and assistance for parents and carers of people who suffer from cerebral palsy. Each service is in place to help mend the quality of life and participation in everyday life. The services they provide include therapy and health services, counselling and respite care. They offer early intervention services and mentoring programmes for teenagers Irish Autism Action is an system of rules that was formed to help sufferers of autism and their families. They offer a range of services including early detection programmes, education support, counselling, and home based support.They withal have a helpline that offers confidential information and support for people with autism. They provide information and advice to families upon a diagnosis been made. Dyslexia Association of Ireland (DAI) is a membership based organisation that educates people about dyslexia. They offer appropriate and effective support services for children and adults dealing with dyslexia. The services they provide are information services through phone, website or text, assessment services, specialist tuition for children through workshops or one on one tuition, training and education for parents, teachers and others. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Ireland is a support group that was set up by a group of carers who have had contact with children who suffer from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). They provide information to families, carers and individuals on any disability associated with FASD. Alcohol Awareness Week 2014 is one way in which they provide information and promote awareness about FASD.ReferencesUniversity of Leicester The social and medical model of disability (Online), available http//www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ssds/accessability/staff/accessabilitytutors/information-for-accessability-tutors/the-social-and-medical-model-of-disability

Goals of Social Studies Essay

OverviewThe term social studies usually designates the introductory and intermediate level of social science education at the elementary and secondary school levels. However, it overly encompasses a good amount of specialized knowledge drawn from fields of study that ar usually found in post-secondary instruction, such as economics, policy-making science, sociology and anthropology. The goals of a social studies education are to instill students with an intimate knowledge of their history, cultural values and civic responsibilities. Social Competency and LiteracyOne of the most basal goals of a social studies education is to promote social competency and literacy. It is important that students living in advanced industrial societies understand how those societies function. Students should be highly literate, because their top executive to maneuver through society often depends upon it. The social sciences often require a large amount of reading and writing in their curriculum, the content of which is usually designed to give students an idea of how their society is structured. These two goals provide students with a certain amount of social mobility.Online Management Courses ucpmarjononline.co.uk/Management Boost Your Career Prospects w/ Our Online BA and MBA in Management Ads by GoogleSocial KnowledgeAnother goal of social science education is to introduce students to the values of their own domestic society. In the U.S., this means students are taught democratic principles, our particular style of government and the history behind both. While students are often urged to commit to these principles, ideally they are introduced in such a way that they do not have to personally adopt them, but merely understand them to effectively function within their society. Critical Thinking and AnalysisCritical thinking and analytical skills are fostered as tools forunderstanding and evaluating the values and institutions that make up the students society. These ski lls also are genuine as valuable assets in their own right, because they are easily transferable to other areas of study and have private and professional applications in the real world. comparative SocietyAnother important objective in social science education is to instill in students an understanding and adjustment of the social values, norms and practices of other cultures and inappropriate societies. This is usually achieved through the study of world history. Students should be able to understand that the majority of social norms and cultural differences are relative, and they should learn to treat such differences with tolerance and respect. Civic EfficacyPerhaps the most important goal of a social studies education is to help students develop a sense of their roles and responsibilities as citizens. Students are taught the importance of making well-informed decisions and how to work within the channels of civic action available to them. In the U.S., for example, this mean s teaching students the gravity of the democratic act upon and urging them to take part by exercising their constitutional rights, voting and expressing dissent.

Project Metrics

Metrics is a term used to describe the measurement of a particular phenomenon. Project metrics therefore refers to the key indicators of what exactly has been make or achieved in a certain switch. The objective of this is to be able to improve on the workes involved in the project performance. Project metrics indeed is a system set in place to evaluate the project process employed in the attainment of results with an aim of improving such processes. They commonly involve collecting and availing information regarding the status of the project.It is and then an important factor in project risk management as a review tool. matchless example of these metrics is the cost. Right before initiating a project, its financial aspect is normally catered for using budgetary control tools. Indeed, the economic viability of a project is a priority regardless of the final results expected of such a project. In this respect therefore, there argon certain operations that should be conducted in the process of the project to monitor the cost element.The actual budget will consequently be reviewed in light of the original budget. This yields certain variances whose magnitude can thus be reviewed to improve on the process. Quality is another key aspect in a project that would form the basis of metrics. Quality control is thus established to be able to measure the output of a particular process in light of a set standard. Defects in the system are identified and when adequately documented, these provide good grounds for review of the project process with an aim of improvement of the same.This is because in a business environment, quality compromise yields an adverse effect that translates to loss of economic gain which would otherwise be secured with the right standards of quality. In summary it can be said that in project management, the role of project metrics is extremely important and cannot be ignored. They constantly provide information, which when analyzed by the manag ement is useful for decision making and the winner of projects.

Race and Identity in Richard Wright’s Black Boy

Stephen Donato Professor Schmitz HSF 20 September 2012 Race and Identity in Richard Wrights desolate boy Each and every(prenominal) person on this Earth today has an identity. Over the years, each individual creates their identity through yesteryear experiences, family, race, and existencey other factors. Race, which continues to stick problems in todays world, places individuals into certain categories. Based on their race, spate are designated to be part of a larger, or group identity rather of being viewed as a person with a unique identity. Throughout Richard Wrights menacing Boy, Richard is on a search for his true identity.Throughout Black Boy, maven can see that Richards racial background assigns him with a certain identity or a certain appearance in which some people believe he should live his career. Growing up in the Jim Crow South, many young sears, have their identities essentially al directy created for them based solely on the backgrounds and race. During t his time period, lights expect blacks to behave a certain way, have certain traits, and treat them with absolute respect. sportings during Richards time still feel they are a great deal superior to the blacks they interact with, and have many expectations that would be considered racist today.However, in his bestow, Richard Wright signals how one can suspension from this shape mold. In many instances during the work, Richard breaks from this identity to which he is assigned in order to create his unique identity and grow into the person he wants to become. Richard refuses to sit back and to be absorbed into the Jim Crow lifestyle of southern blacks. In Richard Wrights Black Boy, Richards past experiences with both(prenominal) white and black individuals, family, and race issues shape his true identity and develop him into the man of his dreams liveliness the life which he chooses instead of the one assigned to him.Richard Wright, a young black boy growing up in his family substructure in Mississippi, searches for his identity through many different experiences. A constant in his life which continues to shape his identity time and time again is his family. Throughout the work, Richard searches for a loving and caring family. Although his family may non fit the description at all times, they help him to form his independence, a big part of his true identity. As a young black male growing up in a house with his extended family, Richard did not have many freedoms. Throughout Black Boy, Richards family constantly shelters him from the outside world.The story begins in his grandmothers home in Mississippi where his family constantly reprimands him. For example, in the beginning of this work, Richard Wrights grandmother has fallen sick in the house. Therefore, Richard is expected to be quiet and not fly the coop with his brother. Richard, a young boy, just wants to have some fun, and proceeds to play with matches. He becomes more and more curious, and se ts the curtains on fire, almost burning down the house. Because he was so sheltered, he became this curious little boy, causing trouble in his family home.Consequently, Richard is thrumen for his actions, which becomes a common theme through the work. Richard explains I was lashed so hard and long that I lost consciousness. I was beaten out of my senses and afterward I found myself in bed, screaming, determined to run away, tussling with my mother and father who were trying to keep me still (Wright 7) Time and time again, family members or outsiders attempt to beat Richard. He reveals his first real lesson shaping his identity while trying to buy groceries for the house. After his father leaves, Richards mother tells Richard he is now in charge of buying groceries.Richard feels like the man of the house, and acts very confidently, until he needs to go buy the food. The first two times he attempts to buy food, a crowd of boys beats him and steals his money. However, his mother sen ds him out a third time equipped with a stick. Richard easily defeats the boys and claims that night he won the right to the streets of Memphis (Wright 21). In this situation, it seems that Richards mom is not being fair by sending him out to get beat up time and time again. However, she is only doing this in order to help Richard survive in the future.By winning the right to the streets of Memphis, Richard is growing more independent. He no longer relies on his father to bring home food because he is not coming back, and he is able to stand up for himself when the time comes. Richard becomes more independent throughout different experiences in Black Boy. Richards grandmother, a devoutly religious person, has an underlying grievance with Richard because he is not religious. Richards grandmother begins to shelter him by not buying him books which he needs for nurture. Richard explains, I needed textbooks and had to wait for months to obtain them.Granny said that she would not buy wo rldly books for me (Wright 143). In addition, Richard claims that his Granny always burned the books he had brought into the house, brand them as worldly (Wright 151). Richard needed money to buy his books, some new clothes, and lunch during the week at school. However, his grandmother continues to shelter him by not allowing him to work. When Richard asked to work on the weekends, Richard explains that she laid down the injunction that I could not work on Saturdays while I slept under her roof (Wright 147).These two instances with his grandmother show Richards ambition. Richard wants to make something of himself, and does not want to sit back and live the usual life of a black individual. He wants to begin working in order to make money to buy his books so that he can study and live out his dream of becoming a writer. He begins to read articles in magazines from newspapers he sells, and learns of the vast world. He loves it, and he hungered for a different life, for something new (Wright 151). Richard wants to get out and experience the world, and break the mold of the assumed black identity.To begin this task, Richard begins writing his own stories. After Richard completes his first story, he brings it to his neighbor to read. Her reaction to his story was the common reaction Whats that for? (Wright 141). Later, Richard shows his grandmother his second piece, The voodoo of Hells Half-Acre. She has the same reaction as the neighbor, and begins to question him on what the story is about and why he is writing a story for the newspaper. fit in to her, he will not be able to get a job because people are passing play to think that he is weak disposed(p) (Wright 198).Richard exceeds expectations and completes tasks that black people arent supposed to do. Richard changes his identity from a subservient black boy into a sort of rebellious young man by beginning his writing career. Throughout the work, Richard introduces a countless number of jobs from working in homes of whites, to attempting to learn the trade of optometry. For one of his many jobs, Richard is working for a white family. While interviewing for this job, the mother of the family asks if he will steal from them, a common trait associated with black people.While working for this family, Richard is having a conversation with the mother. She asks him, What grade are you in school? (Wright 173). Richard responds, Seventh, maam (Wright 173). She then asks him, Then why are you going to school? (Wright 173). This conversation shows that whites think it is unnecessary for blacks to go to school past the sixth grade because they should be working. Whites think that they will never amount to anything, and in that locationfore should not be wasting their time in school. However, Richard wants to break this predetermined mold of who he is supposed to be.He replies to his employer, Well, I want to be a writer (Wright 173). While working for this white family, Richards predetermined identity and his plans to break from this mold are both shown. Eventually, Richard hopes to be able to write for a living, and continues to attend school to study to become the best he can be. twain his employer and his family tell him that he has no chance of becoming a writer, but he continues to prove everyone wrong by not worrying about his race. He dismisses the fact that there are no famous black writers, and continues to achieve his goals and continues to form his true identity.Richard continues to press on and works hard each and every day in order to break the mold of his assigned identity due to his race. Richard eventually becomes the valedictorian of his ninth grade class, and has a huge variation with his principal. The principal summons Richard to his office and says to him, Well, Richard Wright, here is your speech (Wright 206). After Richard claims that he has already written his own speech, the principal tells him Listen, boy, youre going to speak to both white an d colored people that night. What can you alone think of saying to them?You have no experience. . . (Wright 206). Richard continues to fight this assumption made by his principal that he cannot deliver a speech which will be acceptable for white people to listen to. Even when his Uncle Tom claims, the principals speech is the better speech (Wright 209) Richard agrees. However, Richard wants to keep the speech he wrote because it says what he wants to say (Wright 209-10). Richard did not care if the principals speech was better than his he wanted to deliver his speech the way he wanted to deliver it. Here, Richard continues to develop his true dentity as a fighter who will not stand for this assigned identity. He wants to make a difference in the world, and he is fed up with everyone just taking the abuse they receive. He begins to build up a dream in himself which the educational system in the Jim Crow South had been rigged and designed to stifle (Wright 199). He was only fifteen years old, and already began realizing how the Jim Crow South worked. However, he did not like the system, and constantly fought against it. Growing up in Marlboro, New Jersey, race was not much of an issue for me.Throughout my K-8 public education, over ninety-five portion of the students in my school were white, just like me. I had no problem fitting in, and was able to have many of the privileges spoken about in Peggy McIntoshs White Privilege. I got along with almost all of my classmates growing up, and was even friends with the few black kids in my school. Ben, a black classmate of mine became a keep mum friend when we played on the basketball team together. As I moved on from Middle School to a private, catholic higher(prenominal) school, there were even less minorities. In my senior graduating class I had three black classmates.These few individuals were sometimes segregated from the group, and might have felt uneasy during some circumstances. However, I did not realize at the time how sheltered I was from the world. I did not have many friends of different cultures and was not very aware of the world outside of my high school and my hometown. I never truly viewed the other perspective I took for granted my opportunity to go to school and get a good, public school education through middle school. I then again took for granted my ability to go to private high school to receive an even more personalized education in a smaller school.I did not think about the poor ethnic groups living in the slums of places such as Haiti, or even in places such as Newark, NJ. I had this sort of mindset going through school that if it didnt involve me, it wasnt my problem to fix. Students in these poor, urban areas such as Newark and Camden in NJ tend to have a different lifestyle than students from Marlboro. In these poor communities, school is almost looked at as it is in black boy. Most kids from these areas will begin working when they graduate high school, and do not go onto college. Again, I took for granted my opportunity to go to a small, unique, private college.Most kids in these areas I described dont even dream of going college because they believe it is just not a possibility for them. In my short time at Babson, I have met people from countries that I have never heard of before. I have acquainted myself with many different people of many different races, and I am beginning to learn a few facts about many different cultures. In this short period of time, my cultural horizon has broadened greatly. I cannot wait to see how much I will learn about so many different cultures and ethnic groups in my four years at Babson.In conclusion, Richard Wright searches for his identity throughout his life in the Jim Crow South. Richard does not want to just be another drop in the bucket in this Jim Crow lifestyle, and does not want to fit the mold of a common black male. He has dreams, aspirations, and goals which no other black youth has been able to accomplish. He continues to fight against the assumed black identity until he forms his own self-identity. Richards race definitely lead to assumptions being made by different individuals, but he was able to break free of these assumptions and create a life in which he was in control.Richard Wright broke free of the Jim Crow South and lived the life which he wanted to live while developing his own identity. unless as Wright did, every one of us struggles to define who we are, when in reality we are only who we are supposed to be. I pledge my honor that I have neither received nor provided unauthorized assistance during the completion of this work. Works Cited Wright, Richard. Black Boy (american Hunger) A Record of Childhood and Youth. New York, NY HarperPerennial, 1993. Print.

Industry Profile of Bsnl

INDUSTRY PROFILE The telecom industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. India has nearly 200 million ring cables lengths making it the third largest ne bothrk in the world after China and USA. With a addition rate of 45%, Indian telecom industry has the richlyest growth rate in the world. History of Indian telecommunications started in 1851 when the first operational land lines were laid by the government near Calcutta (seat of British power). Telephone service were introduced in India in 1881. In 1883 telephone services were merged with the postal system.Indian Radio Telegraph Company (IRT) was formed in 1923. After indep residuumency in 1947, all the foreign telecommunication companies were nationalized to form the Posts, Telephone and Telegraph (PTT), a monopoly run by the governments Ministry of Communications. Telecom sector was considered as a strategical service and the government considered it best to bring under states control. The first wind of refor ms in telecommunications sector began to flow in 1980s when the private sector was allowed in telecommunications equipment manufacturing.In 1985, Department of Telecommunications (DOT) was established. It was an exclusive provider of domestic and grand- distance service that would be its own regulator (separate from the postal system). In 1986, two wholly government-owned companies were created the Videsh Sanchar Nigam circumscribed (VSNL) for worldwide telecommunications and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) for service in metropolitan areas. In 1990s, telecommunications sector benefited from the general opening up of the economy.Also, examples of telecom revolution in many an(prenominal) other countries, which resulted in better quality of service and lower tariffs, led Indian policy makers to initiate a change process finally resulting in opening up of telecom services sector for the private sector. National Telecom Policy (NTP) 1994 was the first attempt to give a com prehensive roadmap for the Indian telecommunications sector. In 1997, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was created. TRAI was formed to act as a regulator to facilitate the growth of the telecom sector.New National Telecom Policy was adopted in 1999 and cellular services were also launched in the same year. Telecommunication sector in India can be divided into two segments Fixed Service Provider (FSPs), and Cellular Services. Fixed line services consist of basic services, national or domestic long distance and international long distance services. The state operators (BSNL and MTNL), account for almost 90 per cent of revenues from basic services. Private sector services are presently available in selective urban areas, and collectively account for less than 5 per cent of subscriptions.However, private services focus on the business/corporate sector, and offer reliable, high- end services, such as leased lines, ISDN, closed user group and videoconferencing. Cellular servic es can be further divided into two categories Global administration for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). The GSM sector is dominated by Airtel, Vodafone-Hutch, and Idea Cellular, while the CDMA sector is dominated by belief and Tata Indicom. Opening up of international and domestic long distance telephony Services are the major growth drivers for cellular industry.Cellular operators get developed revenue from these services, and compensate them for reduction in tariffs on airtime, which along with rental was the main source of revenue. The reduction in tariffs for airtime, national long distance, international long distance, and handset prices has driven demand. AN ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE OF BSNL BSNL adopt latest digital switching technology like OCB, EWSD, AXE-10, FETEX, NEC, etc and widespread transmission network including SDH system up to 80 gbps web telephony, DIAS, VPN Broad brand and more than 400000 data customers, BSNL continues to se rve this great nation.The responsibilities include improvement of the already impeccable quality of telecom services, expansion of telecom network, introduction of new telecom services in all villages and instilling confidence among its customers. BSNL has managed to shoulder these responsibilities remarkably and daftly. now with over 45 million line capacity, 99. 9% exchange digital, nation wide Network management & surveillance system (NMSS) to control telecom traffic and over 400000 route kms of OFC network, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd is a appoint to reckon with in the world of connectivity.Along with its vest customer brute, BSNLs standing. The telecom groundwork alone is worth about Rs. 100000 crore. Turnover of Rs. 31400 crore. BSNLs nation wide coverage and reach comprehensive range of telecom service and a penchant for excellence and you have the ingredients for restructuring India for a bright future. Today BSNL is most trusted Telecom Brand of India. EVOLUTION OF BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED (BSNL) In India, the Posts and Telegraph Department originated in 1851 as a small part of the popular Works Department. Dr. William Shaughnessy pioneered telegraph and telephone in India.A regular separate department was opened around 1854 when telegraph facilities were thrown open to the public. The major milestones of the organization are as shown below. BSNL Corporate Organizational Structure drawframe Vision, Mission & Objectives of BSNL VISION To become the largest telecom Service Provider in Asia. complaint To provide world class State-of-art technology telecom services to its customers on demand at competitive prices. To Provide world class telecom infrastructure in its area of operation and to contribute to the growth of the countrys economy.OBJECTIVES To be a Lead Telecom Services Provider. To provide mobile telephone service of high quality and become no. 1 GSM operator in its area of operation. Contribute towards National Plan Target of 500 mill ion subscriber base for the country by December Broadband customers base of 20 million in the country by 2010 as per Broadband Policy 2004. Providing telephone affiliation in villages as per government policy. Implementation of Triple play as a regular commercial proposition.

A Change For Jane

Her name was Jane Hulsebosch. She was my math teacher for fifth and sixth grade. Jane was a tall large womanhood with black tight curly hair. Her eyes were brown and beady, uniform a ferret.She was approximately five feet and eleven inches tall, but to me she seemed much taller. Jane did not stand, she loomed. If she looked over my lift while I took one of her labyrinthine exams, it felt like the sword of Damocles swinging over my proposition. Jane was an extremely heavy woman who was plagued with varicose veins. When I was young, however, it looked like she had beanbags stored under her skin. Jane was a heavy smoker. I could not help but notice the stale smell of smoke on her fingertips as I gingerly approached her desk with a paper to grade.Jane to me was the educational equivalent of terrorism. I was not stupid enough to actually volunteer an answer to her questions. I attempted, like my other woeful unfortunate classmates to crawl into a crevice in the floor by keeping my ey es downcast. Silly me.Like a panther circling its prey Jane walked around our classroom. Employing the Socratic Method, she barked questions at me. And I, paralyzed in fear, failed yet once again to answer correctly. The woman was an insidious masochist. I know she delighted in terrorizing us. She threw erasers and chalk at us with the precision of a stealth bomber while wailing DOPEYMy morning prayer was that Mrs. Jane Hulsebosch die a long painful death. In my head I painted glorious medieval deaths. My personal favorite fantasy was one where she is disemboweled. My classmates, however, preferred the drawn and quartered method. God it seemed, never answered our prayers.Then one cold violate winter morning it seemed that God did answer me, well sort of.Jane entered the classroom but her gait was unsteady. She smelled like something I had never identified until I was in college. She smelled like a brewery.Her face was swollen, like someone who just got pummeled in the face during a game of dodge ball, but worse. Was that a black and good-for-naught that I saw? I did not know, and did not care to draw her attention to the fact that I was staring at her. Quickly, I looked at my standard and pretended I was reading.A haunted silence filled my classroom. All of us just sat holding our breath. My stomach felt like there was a lead balloon in it. (Indeed, as I write this paper, the feeling sets in.) What did we do? Did we do something so terrible that we rendered her speechless?Did Sean get caught cheating again? After what seemed like hours, two police officers entered our classroom along with the principal. What was happening? Were we being arrested for being bad students like she promised? Was the threat of our behavior going on our permanent record happening now?No. Jane was being led out of our classroom. Suddenly, as she passed my desk I was compelled to look up at her and a flash hit my shoe.Outside, someone was wailing. It was Jane, but it was not the s ame yelling that she did in class. What was happening? Our principal entered the classroom and told us that he would be teaching us for awhile and that we should all pray for our teacher.Well, we didbut not for her return. That night I remember my parents whispering in hushed horrified tones and then calling me into their sleeping accommodation to discuss something. I was asked an interminable amount of questions about Jane, the throwing, the yelling and that smell. Jane, they told me was in the hospital. Her husband had been beating her and she had a drinking problem.

Speech on 14th August

Child labour and poverty are inevitably bound together and if you continue to use the labour of children as the treatment for the amicable disease of poverty, you will have both poverty and child labour to the end of time. (Grace Abbott) Today, there are millions of children who work as w get along-earners. They are deprived of childhood, love, livelihood and social association. Child labour emerged during the industrial revolution and today it has become a very serious problem.It is a world-wide phenomenon. Extreme poverty large families, insufficiency of free and compulsory education These children have no chance to attend school and have no choice except to work as fumbling labour. These children are compelled to live below poverty line all their lives. There are many laws against child labour in Pakistan and in other countries just now these laws alone cannot control the exploitation of children.We must get the support of all the people of the society to control this menace. According to the law, no child below the age of fourteen can be employed in any hazardous job. Another law states that children should not be made to work beyond their mental ability and they should be given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner. However, all these laws have failed to check the problem of child labour.Stringent laws should be enacted and exemplary penalisation should be given to those who exploit children for their selfish end SPARC has conducted research that goes into producing its publications, including three major books on child labour, juvenile justice and child rights. Its annual depict The State of Pakistans Children and a large number of brochures, SPARC has conducted a number of research studies. SPARC has continued to ask successive governments to upgrade their laws to set a effective age limit for employment in Pakistan, although they have not been successful in doing so.

Eulogy for Fritz Haber

During peace date a scientist belongs to the world, but during war time he belongs to his country-Fritz Haber Here lies the ashes of the famous pharmacist Fritz Haber and his scratch wife Clara. Fritz had a heart attack and managed to recover, but not fully. He died of heart failure on January 29, 1934 at the age of 65. This Father of Chemical Warfare is cognise for developing and deploying chlorine and other virulent gases, the development of gas masks with absorbent filters, and trench warfare in World War 1.Even though he was too old to enlist in military service, this scientist was given the rank of captain. He was most known for the Haber process (the reaction of nitrogen fixation to industrially produce ammonia water), the Haber-Weiss reaction (a reaction in cells that creates oxidative stress), and the development of several fertilizers and explosives. He was also given the Nobel Peace Prize in 1918 for synthesizing ammonia for fertilizers and explosives. In 1898 Haber cr eate a textbook on Electrochemistry, which was based on some lectures he gave.In 1905 he had published his book on the thermodynamics of technical gas reactions, in which he recorded the production of small amounts of ammonia from N2 and H2 at a temperature of 1000 C with the help of iron as a catalyst. This German chemist was proud of his work even when no one, including his family, stood with him. Clara and his first son later committed suicide because of the discredit in what Haber did in chemical warfare, but even the lack of faith in his family didnt easily him down. He will be dearly missed, but always remembered.

Merger between EnviroTech an InterClean Essay

First of each, I would like to take the measure to say thank you to each(prenominal) one of you for your outstanding efforts, it has been very enjoyable to work alongside with each of you in contributing to the success of InterClean. You atomic number 18 all well aware of the strategic movement as announced by David Spencer is very near on the horizon. As this merger between InterClean and EnviroTech begins to unfurl I foresee that each of you testament gull a key role to play in reservation the transition as smooth as possible. As managers it is our duty to show our fellow co-workers and rude(a) group members why we defecate been successful. It is important to welcome the employees joining us from EnviroTech. The incoming employees from EnviroTech bring vast fancy and proven track record that will help to move us in the direction we unavoidableness to go. Combining two companies together is no easy task and this refreshing endeavor will be challenging. each individual w ill select to present his or herself in a positive manner. The briny objective is to be positive about the neuters that will take place. Also everyone shall commit to learning the new concept of full-service solutions cases (University of Phoenix, Week champion Supplement, 2010).I urge each of you to be open to share your ideas as well as receive ideas from all of your team members, old and new. Keep in mind that this new concept will not be immediately rock-solid it will take, several tries an adjusting to create the best package to suit each of our clients. I am sure that some of you are not feeling thriving with the upcoming transition and that is understandable. However, I again urge you to see the potential this acquisition can bring. The offset potential globally is enormous and you can each have a part to make it happen. Each of you will have an impact on your workers, and how each of you decide to carry yourself can either elicit or bring down morale. Iinspire each of you to press forward and lead your teams. You are all more than capable to produce results, so mentor your teams to produce even better results. I would also like to go over a few other important matters.These involve military mankind resource issues because of the diverse work force we will gain by this merger. Obviously each of you will have several if not numerous new members joining your teams. It is very important and I cannot speech pattern it enough just how important it is that you treat every employee the same. You cannot favor or give preference to the contemporary InterClean employees over the incoming EnviroTech employees. Please exercise good judgment when addressing each newly acquired employee. Also when devising selections for your teams an initially assigning tasks I suggest you seek input from myself, Carol our internal consultant, and the HR department. If you have any concerns please bring it to my attention immediately as well as to Carol and human resourc es. Be certain that the issue or concern is cleared up before moving forward. It is in the best interest of the company and for each of you to create an atmosphere that is warm, thriving yet peaceful, non-hostile, and safe. We all need to value diversity and as Cascio put it to manage diversity, there is no room for inflexibility and intolerance-displace them with adaptability and bridal (Cascio 2006, p. 125).Furthermore we will all be attending a full-day seminar on reengineering at Leeward association College, please mark your calendars for Wednesday, December 1. I will send out a reminder along with the pertinent seminar information. If you are unable to make it on Wednesday, you will need to attend the Tuesday session, so let me know as soon as possible so I can make the change for you. I know you are all thinking, What is reengineering? Reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, an d speed (Cascio 2006, p. 18). I also strongly recommend that each of you sign up for the precaution training sessions that HR is setting up. Immediately share and talk with your workers about attending the new carrefour and sales training sessions.Go ahead and schedule your teams with HR to ensure everyone can be right accommodated as quickly as possible. You should also encourage participation in the ongoing HR seminars that stay topics such as developing skill in conflict resolution and effective communication. As continuously you are free to come and discuss any issue orconcern that you may have with me. I am more than willing to sit down with each of you and listen to what you have to say. So please do not hesitate I am here for each of you and want to observe working alongside with each you and your teams. I am hopeful that going forward we will all embrace the upcoming changes and challenges facing us. Together we can achieve the desired results to move InterClean closer to our strategic direction of global expansion.ReferencesCascio, W. F. (2006). Managing Human Resources Productivity, quality of work life, profits. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection database University of Phoenix (2010) Week One Supplement InterClean-EnviroTech Merger Scenario Retrieved from University of Phoenix HRM/531-Course Website

Memoirs of a Geisha

I. Title Memoirs of a geisha (1997) II. Author Arthur G overageden (1957- ) III. Setting a. Where Gion, Kyoto, Japan b. When proterozoic 1900s (1930s, World War II) IV. Character and Characterization c. Principal Characters i. Sayuri Nitta (Chiyo Sakamoto) Sayuri is the main character of the nourish got. As a child, she always vox populi well of others. She has determination and does not give up easily. Her gray eyes argon what make her stand out the most. ii. Mameha Mameha was a well-known geisha in Gion. She was Sayuris older baby (not by blood) and mentor. She taught Sayuri what she needed to do for her to choke a thriving geisha.She is really determined and would do anything to master her goal. iii. Hatsumomo Hatsumomo was a geisha of the Nitta Okiya, the same okiya that Sayuri came from. She boasts of herself and thinks that no whiz is better than her. She despised Sayuri and saw her as competition, which take to her numerous attempts to destroy Sayuris intent. iv. moderate The moderate was the reason why Sayuri had a purpose to live, which was the pass of his act of changeness to Sayuri when she was a child. He is a person who thinks of others feelings. As a geisha, Sayuri wanted nothing more(prenominal) than for the Chairman to take notice of her. . Nobu Nobu was the Chairmans right-hand man, the Chairman owed him a kettle of fish. He is patient and kind. Nobus appearance is peculiar because of his skin which was damaged by a bomb. He fancies Sayuri and waited most of his manner to sire Sayuris danna. d. flakeary Characters i. Pumpkin Pumpkin was Sayuris helper when they were young. Their friendship was destroyed by Hatsumomo, who was Pumpkins older sister. She was sweet and very helpful at first, but was influenced by Hatsumomo. Pumpkin also became a geisha from the Nitta Okiya, but she was not as far-famed as Sayuri. ii. auntieAuntie was the first person to show kindness to Sayuri when she arrived at the Nitta Okiya. She wante d Sayuri to become happy and to not end up like her. When Sayuri became a geisha, she continuously helped her through what she needed to do. iii. Mr. Tanaka Sayuri, as a child, idolized Mr. Tanaka and thought that no other man is higher than him. Mr. Tanaka was the person who offered Sayuris aim to sell Sayuri and her sister Setsu. He was the reason why Sayuri ended up in Gion. iv. Mother Mother was the sister of Auntie and the owner of the Nitta Okiya. She was very fond of money and would do anything to become well-heeleder.She later adopted Sayuri as her girlfriend and as the successor of the Nitta Okiya. v. Dr. Crab Dr. Crab was one of the men who were attracted to Sayuri when she became a geisha. Dr. Crab is a kind of person who would let nothing to stand in his way. He is known for spending a rope of money in the pursuit of mizuage. V. Subject Matter a historical fiction nigh the life of a geisha in Japan forward World War II VI. Thesis/ primary(prenominal) Idea The ap ologue revolves around a girl whose life was transformed from rags to riches when her father interchange her until she became a well-known geisha in Kyoto.VII. The Part I Like The Best. Why? I was excite the most when I was reading the part where the Chairman met Sayuri in the Ichiriki Teahouse after the incident with the attend on the island of Amami. I was so consumed by the book of account since I badly wanted to know what the Chairman would say to Sayuri. Shock and disbelief came over me when the Chairman admitted that he knew Sayuri was the child he saw yell near the Shirakawa Stream. VIII. The Part I Like The Least. Why? I did not like the part where the contend was going on and Gion closed down.I felt as if the part was not that significant to the main takings of the tarradiddle and that the business relationship would yet have the same effect to the readers without it. As a reader, I thought that this was the dullest part of the theme. IX. Vocabulary Improvement 1. Geisha-(n. ) a Japanese women educated to accompany men as a hostess, performing different skills such as dancing and playing pawns * Most Americans confuse geishas as prostitutes because of the impress geishas who called themselves geisha girls and sold their bodies to American soldiers in Japan during the World War II. . Okiya-(n. ) the lodging house in which a geisha lives until she has paid all her debts from the okiya for sending her to school * Mameha was a geisha who was allowed to live in her own house since she was able to pay off all her debts from the okiya she was from. 3. Danna-(n. ) a geishas patron, a wealthy man who champions the geishas needs in exchange for spending time with him privately * Nobu spent almost his entire life waiting to become Sayuris danna which unforntunately never happened. 4. Shamisen-(n. a three-string melodic instrument that is played using a plectrum * Many geishas, if not all, were taught how to play the Japanese instrument called sham isen, which they used in performances. 5. Mizuage-(n. ) the coming of age ceremony of an apprentice geisha, usually associated with the geishas bolshy of virginity a large sum of money is to be paid to the geisha in return for her mizuage * fit to Mineko Iwasaki, the geisha Arthur Golden interviewed for his book, a geishas mizuage was never won by means of bidding.X. apprize Summary Chiyo Sakamoto, a girl from a little fishing village called Yoroido, was 9 years old when her father sold her and her sister Satsu to a man named Mr. Tanaka. They were brought to Kyoto where Chiyo and her sister were separated Chiyo stayed in Gion in the Nitta Okiya as a maid, whereas her sister was brought to Miyagawa-cho where she worked as a prostitute. Chiyo started going to school to become a geisha, but when she well-read astir(predicate) her sisters location, she went to look for her.When they met, they decided that they would runaway a few days after, Chiyo act to runaway but failed, which caused her her schooling priviledges. As Chiyo continued to live as a maid, knowing that she wont count her sister again, she felt as if she has no purpose in life hence he met the Chairman who treated her kindly, which gave her hope for a better future. After this incident, she wanted to become a geisha hoping that she would please the Chairman someday.Mameha, a well-known geisha in the Gion district, became her mentor and trained her to become a successful geisha she then changed her name to Sayuri Nitta, of the Nitta Okiya. Though she had numerous admirers, she wanted no one but the Chairman to take notice of her she strived intemperate to for this and in the end, she eventually learned that the Chairman acknowledge her way back then from the very first time they met.Memoirs of a GeishaMemoirs of a Geisha is a book written by Arthur Golden. The plot takes place in Japan and tells us the story of a young girl a fishermans daughter and her journey through life to become a nota ble Geisha, a Japanese female entertainer. The book describes the struggles of a young girl, Chiyo, who is derelict sold by her father. The story is told in flashback format with reference to the protagonists present and past. The focal point of the story is constantly on the internal narrator, Chiyo, who later changes her name to Sayuri when she becomes a geisha.Sayuri, who is our protagonist, is eight years old and lives in the small fishing village of Yorido at the beginning of the story. She lived happily with her family until one day her mother becomes sick. Her father who is a fisherman cant afford the medical treatment of her mother. Seeing no other way out, he sells Sayuri and her clumsy older sister Satsu to Mr. Tanaka the owner of the seafood company which all the villagers work for. Mr. Tanaka brings the girls to the cultural city of Gion.Satsu who is the little beautiful of the two is sold to a brothel while Sayuri is sold to the Nitta Okiya, a geisha house. At the Nit ta Okiya she meets a number of different people. There is the owner of the Okiya who is referred to as Mother, a bull-dog looking woman, whose main concern is money as described by Sayuri. The main Villain of the story is Hatsumomo , a famous and successful geisha who lives in the same Okiya as Sayuri. Hatsumomo is the main resource of the Nitta Okiya since all the money she earns goes to support it.From the day Sayuri arrives at the Okiya, Hatsumomo dislikes her, she tries to make Sayuris life as hard as possible. At first it is hard to understand why she has that kind of behaviour towards Sayuri but as the story continues we understand that it is all about jealousy. Hatsumomo cant stand that Sayuri is beautiful and sees that in a few years she might become a successful geisha unless she gets rid of her. Hatsumomo clearly states that she hates Sayuri and doesnt want her in the Okiya I shall destroy you (pg. 78)1 Sayuri comes to the Okiya with a debt which she has to pay off.The deb t just keeps getting bigger because she has to take geisha lessons. Sayuri is taken out from geisha practice,e after several(prenominal) accidents, and do a slave at the Okiya. She has no hopes for her future when Mameha, a character who becomes very important to the story, comes to coax Mother to let Sayuri continue her geisha practice. She helps Sayuri throughout her career by introducing her to many famous and rich people who can invite her to their parties and by taking her to all important places where the big parties are held.Mameha gives her own(prenominal) lessons and gives her all help she can and if it werent for Mameha, Sayuri would never have become a geisha. Throughout the story we see how Sayuris character changes drastically, from a simple and a naive country girl to a slave with no future to a graceful famous geisha and when the story turns again, a seamstress trying to pass away the second World War. Although the story mostly concentrates on Sayuri and we get to know the secrets of a geishas life, theres a lot more that can be learnt from the story.It tells us about the life in Japan before, during and after the Second World War. The story which is set in Japan wouldnt have existed if we were to set it elsewhere. Geishas are something unique to moreover Japan and cant be found in any other culture around the world. It tells us about the time before the war when everything was good. Sayuri mentions the war a couple of times, in the beginning but she negotiation about it as if it were something that was far off and didnt concern her. Then slowly she starts realising that the war is affecting them more and more when they start using ration books.Still, the reality of the war isnt realised fully by each Sayuri or the reader until it hits you in the slope when absolutely the heads of different Okiyas are selling fancy kimonos and jewels at the black market for their survival. The book mentions real-life incidents such as the bombing of Toky o and other big cities. It tells us about the problems that the people of Japan were faced with and how even graceful geishas are forced to become common seamstresses, making parachutes for the war.The theme of the book in my opinion is first of all, the life of a geisha since it tells us about how geishas lived and what they had to go through. Arthur Golden takes us into an unknown world and reveals the secrets of what seems to us a glamorous life. The book shows that the life of a geisha is far from glamorous. Both in sense of the social problems they have to face such as jealousy from other geisha and the struggle to make a good paper for themselves in order to survive and also personal problems such as those older geishas, whose skin has stinky and become yellow because of the paints they used, had to face.Another theme of the book may also be destiny. Sayuris destiny was to become a geisha no matter what came in her way, no matter how impossible it seemed at times, she in t he long run succeeded in becoming a geisha and not just that, she even became a very successful and famous geisha of her time. When the book starts and we see the village of Yoroido through the eyes of a young bleak girl, you wonder what does this little girl living in a small fishing village have to do with a graceful and glamorous geisha? Its almost as you wonder whether the title of the book is wrong.As the story develops, we see how Sayuri ends up in the cultural city of Gion, but then suddenly when the story turns again and Sayuri is made a servant at the Okiya you start wondering if the story result instead start focusing on Hatsumomo. The book is very slow and boring in the beginning, several times I thought of just putting it down but just then the story takes a new turn.It really tells about a life I knew nothing about before and got really interesting the further I got into the book. The author has tied in historical events into an interesting story reflecting not only t he lives of geishas but also the lives of ordinary people of that time. I found the book very interesting and different but a bit slow. Since it is semi-reality based I would recommend it to people both my age but also older people. The story catches your interest whether you are young or old. I would give the book 3 out of 5 points.

Toothpaste Out of Baking Soda

Chapter I The caper and its Background Introduction M whatsoever people like a shot ar urged to be aggressive, to get ahead of the rest and to be number one. We are pulled by media toward egocentric pleasures. So many commercials show us a lifestyle of pleasure and according to them undersurface makes us happy. We are or so of the time driven by their promises of making us comfortable and beautiful. The products they are denote may declare bad effects on our health that they may not spill protrude to us for the reason that their products may not be sold.These products may contain harmful ingredients and chemicals that may get going to diseases and abnormalities in our bodies. An example is the commercial toothpaste. Commercial toothpastes are full of chemicals and some of the ones that you see on your shelves bring been sh feature to contain harmful ingredients. Research has proven that sodium lauryl sulfate or (SLS) found in more or less toothpastes have a tendency to dry out the lining of your mouth and gumwoods. This can cause gum damage and sores in the mouth because of the acidity in foods and drinks that the lining would normally protect against.Statement of the Problem The get word aims to discover the advantages of making your sustain so-and-so-flavored toothpaste out of baking soda instead of buying from the market. The study seeks to answer the following questions 1. What are the advantages that we can get from making toothpaste out of baking soda? 2. What are the effects of making your own toothpaste to those who get out be using it? 3. What ingredients or materials help blanch and color teeth? 4. What are the some other possible flavors that can be added to the toothpaste aside from crumb zest? field and LimitationThe study focuses on the advantages of making your own toothpaste out of baking soda. It is confined on what are the benefits the user can get from making their own toothpaste and how it ordain affect their teeth h ealth. It does not entangle the research on the other ways of making your own toothpaste aside from baking soda. Significance of the ask This study bequeath benefit the following The ordinary people. For them to be informed of the effects of using comm ercial toothpastes. The parents. For them to make unnecessary money in times they become short and to be sure of the ingredients that go in to their toothpaste.The teenagers. For them to explain their creativity in making their own toothpaste and for them to know what materials actually help the teeth become healthy. exposition of Terms Toothpaste is a substance for cleaning the teeth in the form of paste. bake soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a leavening agent apply in baked goods like cookies or degenerate breads. Lemon zest aretiny bits of lemon peel Glycerin is a clear, colorless, syrupy pellucidthat occurs extensively in nature and is naturally found in thecells ofplants,animals and humans.Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless , heavy, potently oxidizing liquid, H2O2, capable of reacting explosively with combustibles and used principally in aqueous solution as a small antiseptic, a bleaching agent, an oxidizing agent, and a laboratory reagent. Chapter IV Summary, Findings, Conclusions and passport Summary The study aims to discover the advantages of making your own lemon-flavored toothpaste out of baking soda instead of buying from the market. Toothpasteis a paste orgeldentifriceused with atoothbrushas an accessory to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health ofteeth.Most of the commercial toothpastes that can be bought from the market contain harmful ingredients. This can be avoided by making your own toothpaste. To make your own lemon-flavored toothpaste, we willing just mix everything up. To make the lemon zest, you will just choke the peel of a lemon by rubbing the lemon on the grater. In adding up the lemon zest, you can experiment on it. Its the part where you can have fun. We observed that o ur final product, the lemon flavored toothpaste out of baking soda, became color yellow. After we have tried it, we felt freshness in our teeth.Also, ground on our research, baking soda does really help whiten teeth and in fact, it is an element of roughly toothpaste and have been approved by the American Dental Association to be a component of most toothpaste. Findings The advantages that we can get from making toothpaste out of baking soda are that, you can know that you are using an all-natural product. These are a more natural alternative and they do a wonderful trouble at cleaning the m outh. Making your own toothpaste will help you save money and you will have the benefit of knowing the exact ingredients that go into your own toothpaste.Your toothpaste will not have any artificial ingredients that color it and flavor it. You will be able to avoid sweeteners, artificial ingredients and preservatives simply by making your own toothpaste. The people who would be using their ho memade toothpaste will have a befall to show their creativity and personalize their toothpaste. They would be able to know the ingredients that are needed to help whiten teeth. Baking soda and hydrogen peroxide are the ingredients or materials which help whiten and polish teeth.Baking soda has a natural cleansing ability and can even be found in some commercial toothpaste. Its non-toxic and will help polish your teeth. Hydrogen peroxide naturally disinfects your mouth and will to a fault help whiten your teeth. Aside from lemon-flavored toothpaste, you can also have any other payoff flavor you may like for your toothpaste. You can also have mint-flavored toothpaste by adding peppermint oil or cinnamon. Conclusion As we are making this project we can conclude that making your own toothpaste have a variety of advantages to the person using it.The user will have the experience of having fun experimenting what is the opera hat flavor for a toothpaste. Though the taste may not be that desirable, but it do a brilliant job of cleaning and whitening your teeth. We can also conclude that making your own to othpaste can help avoid the harmful ingredients being added to commercial toothpaste. The person who will be using it will be developing a sense of awareness of how baking soda and hydrogen peroxide do such a wonderful job at whitening teeth and polishing teeth.They will also be able to save money and at the same time have fun experimenting. Recommendation We recommend you to try and make your own toothpaste whenever you run out of it. You can try making other flavors of toothpaste and personalize it. With the many advantages of making your own toothpaste, you will surely benefit from it. We also recommend that you gain ground others to make their own toothpaste and have fun experimenting different flavors for their toothpaste. They may even discover many combinations of flavors that they will be energized to brush their teeth

Death as a Main Theme of Philip Larkin’s Aubade

Aubade is the last poem by Philip Larkin. This poem became the culmination of his life and work and contains elementary ideas of Larkins philosophical and literary credo. This poem became Larkins profound and personal investigation of the writership of final stage. produce in the Times Literary Supplement for the first time, this poem became a characteristic feature of his literary work. The poem is full of symbolism. The very title, Audabe, or Morning Serenade, creates anticipations in the senses of the readers and Larkin uses line of descent in order to deport his pith to the readers. His aubade turns to be anti-aubade and this sad irony lonesome(prenominal) underlines contrast and irony, used by the origin. He uses a popular romantic title for his poem in order to underline the loss of innocence in the perception of the world.The very first lines of the poem describe typical daylight of routine life of the person, who does non see any sense in his life and spends du ll days and sleepless nights conceptualiseing near inevitable goal.Till then I see whats really always there Un backup maning destruction, a unharmed day ne arr now, Making all thought impossible but how And where and when I shall myself die (Larkin 69).The estimation of death and depression is typical for the works of Larkin. The theme of death and charge of dying goes through the wide poem. Scepticism and pragmatic view on religion give superfluous shades of meaning to the theme of death. He speaks about(predicate) it without idealization and pathos but, at the same time, he does non hide his feelings of fear and despair in front of this phenomenon. His pessimistic and gloomy mood makes the poem sound accordingly. As nonable Donald Hall wrote about Philip Larkin in his article, This is the man who famously said that deprivation was for him what daffodils were for Wordsworth. Yet surely the results of this life, in the shape of his poems, argon gifts, not deprivations (Hall 117).Larkin got the reputation of a melancholy poet. His light mourning and gloomy intonations became a visit card of all his literary works. Mixture of wit, humour and sad irony add special zest to sad motifs of Aubade.Dread of death creates a dark background of the poem. The author thinks about things he did not accomplish yet and describes gradual extinction and the most terrible thing.The sure extinction that we travel to And shall be lost in always. Not to be here, Not to be anywhere, And soon cipher more terrible, nothing more true (Larkin 69).He can not stop thinking about state of non-being, which depart course become a final destination for everybody. Being away from pathetic feelings he looks for a decided place, which would become the family unit for humans after death and does not find such a place. This though deprives him of sleep and fulfills all his thoughts.His vision of death is determined by his philosophical credo and religious beliefs. only Western tradition regards death as an eternal rest and, if not to turn to religious explanations, the death appears as a final termination of the human existence.Larkin rejects this view, calling the death unresting. This word combination makes and oxymoron as the term death itself assumes rest and calmness (Websters New World College Dictionary). Finally, the theme of death as an unresting thing, which does not bring pleasure and calm, becomes unmatchable of the main themes of the poem. He also uses unresting in another shade of the meaning. He turns to the word unresting in order to show that death is a phenomenon which can not be escape or avoided by anybody. Nobody can escape death and all masses are embody in front of it. As he states in the poem, Most things may never happen this one will(Larkin 69).The very structure of the poem serves in order to help the author to deliver this message to the readers. Somewhat unusual structure of the poem does not make logical pauses at the end of the stanzas. The separate of the poem are connected so closely that they turn to each other as a continuous process, where motion does not stop for a single second. Sentences do not end at the end of the lines. Larkin uses long sentences, which rest for several lines and even when they end, it usually happens in the middle of the line, so that the nigh sentence starts immediately. For example, no sight, no sound, / No touch or taste or smell, nothing to think with, / Nothing to love or link with(Larkin 69). Such structure does not let the reader rest and make poses.It reminds the readers about the flowing nature of life, when populate can not stop and have a rest haunted by the unresting death. Even in the cases when there are poses at the end of the lines the sentences are not completed, and the reader can not keep long poses, since the line does not contain a terminated thought and next lines continue ideas from the previous ones. Making a pause between the lines and having a rest becomes same impossible, as having a pause in ones life and victorious time to think over important things and finish things, which are not finished.Special structure of sentences is not the only means used by Larkin in order to attract the readers attention to the unresting nature and inevitable character of death. Gloomy and depressive tones of the poem show this very nature of death. The author uses sad irony and light sorrow in order to show naivety of people, who try to escape thoughts about death and pretend that this will never happen to them, even despite they are surrounded by death every day of their lives. People seek for stability and guarantees but finally it turns out that death can be the only stable thing in this world.The second stanza illustrates the authors attitude to religion. Larkin does not believe in the pictures of afterlife, created by different religious doctrines. His pessimistic attitude towards religions does not let him accept any cordial of no n-rational explanation of the life after death. Larkins last major poem, Aubade is to conclude his religious poetic oeuvre with an internal argument of the poetic persona on religion and what remains after death (Lerner 183). The author spends sleepless nights thinking about death. He spends hours trying to imagine the state, where all the senses cease their existence and a person looses all connections with the existence. Larkin goes further than just philosophical reflections about the death, he thinks about physical meet of no-being. As he states, This is what we fearno sight, no sound, / No touch or taste or smell, nothing to think with, / Nothing to love or link with ( Larkin 69).Physical nature of death becomes the focus of Larkins attention. Such an attitude reduces human life to physical existence and that is the reason the author becomes so do-or-die(a) to find any explanations of things, which will happen to him after death. As states Adam Stainer, His inability to pall iate his minds sense of panic mirrors the other figure depicted as unresting in the poemdeath itself (Stainer 16). And even her unresting nature of death is obvious. Looking for a possible description of the state of non-living, Larkin can not escape a thought that this state will last forever. He regards the death not as a single event, which causes transformation, but rather as a continuous process of perpetual anaesthesia, where people stay forever.Larkin uses irony to show how eternal state of nothingness can be the most terrible thing, which brings neither calm nor peace. What is notable, even during short period of life people can not originate rid of the threat of death. It surrounds them whatever they do and the author does his best to show this state of living under constant threat in his poem. Ceaseless nothingness appears to be the biggest Larkins fear and this thought does not let him fall asleep at nights and deprives him of calm and happiness when he is awake.In the n ext stanza he speaks about courage, which turns to be useless in the face of death. Merciless nature of death makes no distinctions between those, who are afraid of it and who are not.The last lines of the poem contain a deep metaphor, making a contrast between routing life and death, which he can not forget about even for a minute.Meanwhile telephones crouch, acquire ready to ring In locked-up offices, and all the uncaring Intricate rented world begins to rouse. The sky is white as clay, with no sun. Work has to be done. Postmen like doctors go from house to house (Larkin 69).Postmen, walking from one house to another, symbolize for Larkin inevitable approaching of the dawn, which, in its turn, symbolizes an inevitable approach of death. He compares them to doctors, who must save peoples lives but constantly fail, as nobody can overcome death. Careless world wakes up in order to make one step towards death. For Larkin this is a phenomenon he can neither escape, nor forget.The auth or does not separate thoughts about his own death from the general philosophical questions. This underlines Larkins perception of the death as the most private and the most common and public event at the same time.Works CitedAgnes, Michael, ed. in chief, Websters New World College Dictionary, fourth edition, MacMillan, 1999.Hall, The New Criterion Vol. 4, No. 6, February 1986.Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell, eds. Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. 6th ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2007.Larkin, Philip. stash away Poems, Farrar Straus & Giroux, 1989.Lerner, Laurence Philip Larkin. In Writers and Their Works series. Plymouth Northcote House Publishers Ltd., Plymbridge House, 1997.Steiner, Adam. Honors British Literature. Dr. Fraser. Concepts of Rest and Unrest in Aubade, 2005.Salwak, Dale ed. Philip Larkin The Man and His Work. London MacMillan, 1989.