Cell Biology Meiosis and Mitosis - 1435 Words

Cell Biology (CP8121) Experiment 2: Observing Mitosis and Meiosis on cell specimens (Formal report) Name: Wong Chung An Class: DMLS/FT/1B/02 Admin number: P1138687 Summary This experiment aims to observe mitosis and meiosis on cell specimens. It involves the modelling of the stages of meiosis and also the staining procedures to identify mitosis in onion root tip. There are two parts to the procedure of the experiment whereby the first is staining and observing mitosis in onion root tips and the second being observing and comparing mitosis between whitefish blastula and onion root tip. The results are that the five stages of mitosis have been observed and sketched, together with a comparison of telophase in plant and animal cells. The†¦show more content†¦2) This time, instead of sketching the different phases of mitosis in onion root tip, the differences in mitosis between the plant and animal cells were recorded. 4) Results and Discussion *For the results, refer to the datasheet archived under appendix at the end of the report. 5.1 Explanation and reasons for results The results of the datasheet have shown that all the five main phases of mitosis can be observed. This can because of several reasons such as the choice of use of onion root tips, flattening of the onion root tips, addition of hydrochloric acid and 0.5% Toluidine Blue solution. Onion root tips are easy to grow in large numbers and the cells at its tips are actively dividing, thus many of its cells will be in different stages of mitosis. The reason for using the last 1-3mm of the root tip is because it is where the region of cell division (meristem) is located. This is the region whereby cells are dividing but not significantly increasing in size. The flattening of the onion root tips allows the chromosomes of each individual cell to be observed. The hydrochloric acid added, plays a part in fragmenting the root tissues by weakening and removing the bonds between cells so that each cell will not be attached to the other cell, obstructing the observation. Toluidine Blue solution acts as a colorant, giving a blue colour to the chromosomes and so that it is more easily spottedShow MoreRelatedProcess Of Dividing Body Cells And Their Nuclei Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesYahya Bello Homework 1 Mitosis: can be defined as the process of dividing body cells and their nuclei. The body continually produced new cells by splitting from the ones that has already existed. Meiosis: can be defined as a particular form of cell splitting that generates reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg cells, plant and fungal spores. Steps involves in Mitosis Mitosis consists of four basic phases and they include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Figure 1 shows theRead MoreMeiosis and Mitosis Essay example752 Words   |  4 PagesMitosis and meiosis are the means by which reproduction takes place. Mitosis creates an exact duplicate of cell so that old cells can be replaced, such as in skin, hair, and bones. Meiosis allows a cell to unite one half of its genetic makeup with a cell from another partner to create an entirely new organism. Mitosis Mitosis is the process by which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes. Mitosis is the process by which an organism creates new cells, suchRead MoreFunctions Of Mitosis And Meiosis1708 Words   |  7 PagesTopic Cells (A.C. 3.1) Mitosis and meiosis are both forms of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and share some similarities, but also exhibit distinct differences that lead to very different outcomes (UK essays 2013; widmaier et al, 2014; Toole, 2015; Khan, 2016). Mitosis is a cell division that produces two daughter cells receiving a copy of every chromosome with the same genetic component as the parent cell, while meiosis is a cell division that produces haploid sex cells or gametes which containRead MoreMitosis And Meiosis Of Eukaryotic Organisms1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe cell is the basic unit of all life. All living things-- tigers, trees, elephants, and men-- are made up of cells. A cell is alive-- as alive as you are. It breathes, takes in food, and gets rid of waste. It grows and reproduces, or creates one of its own kind. (Garrod 36) Most cells reproduce by dividing, so that there are two cells where there once was one. (Akkas 78) Every living thing is made up of one or more cells, and each of th ese cells was produced by an already existing cell. New cellsRead MoreTypes Of Cell Division First Go Through Interphase Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pages Cell division Both types of cell division first go through interphase which has three stages. The cell grows in the G1 stage. It copies all of its chromosomes during the S phase, the two copies of the chromosomes are held together by the centromere resulting in an X shape. The last stage is preparing for division which is called G2 phase. After this is starts to divide in either mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis- the typical process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cell. †¦ results in two identicalRead MoreCellular Division : The Process Of Cell Division1399 Words   |  6 Pagesof one cell splitting into many. This process is present in all of nature and is a continuous process. Cellular division causes wounds to be healed, sex cells to be produced, and overall growth to be done. The two main forms of cellular division are Mitosis and Meiosis. Through analyzing what categorizes each process students can get a better understanding of cellular division. (Mike)Mitosis Mitosis is the process of cell division resulting in the creation of two identical daughter cells. The purposeRead MoreEssay about Lab 8, Mitosis and Meiosis894 Words   |  4 PagesShawn Lab 8 Title: Mitosis and Meiosis Exercise 1: Mitosis in Animal and Plant Cells Questions: A.) What is the purpose of mitosis? The purpose of mitosis is to create or produce more cells for a living organism. Mitosis occurs when genetic substance in the nucleus divides or separates in order to create more cells. Cytokinesis normally occurs next and the single cell develops into two separate cells. This same process continues to occur over and over creating more cells for an organism replacingRead MoreRefwefe787 Words   |  4 Pages | | |[pic] | | |Biology Sem 2 (S2598061) | | \ | | | Read MoreMitosis Lab Report1157 Words   |  5 PagesReport: Nuclear and Cell Division. PART A: Stages of Mitosis in my own words. 1. Interphase: DNA has formed already, but it remains in the simple form of chromatin. Chromatins are structures that are loosely coiled in the cell.3 I also observed during my lab that this was the only stage where I could still see a nucleus and nucleolus intact within the cell; this is because it’s the only stage where the nuclear membrane has not broken apart yet to begin forming a new cell.3 2. Prophase: InRead MoreThe Cell Cycle, Genetic Variation, Mendelian Genetics, And Complex Genetic Inheritance917 Words   |  4 Pagesexplore the cell cycle, cancer, cancer, mitosis and meioses, genetic variation, Mendelian genetics, and complex genetic inheritance. Each area will be broken down in further detail, and the result should demonstrate the knowledge learned on the subjects. The Cell Cycle The cell cycle is a series of stages that occurs when a new cells makes the division from the parent cell to two daughter cells. This is a stage in cellular reproduction. The cell cycle consists of three phases, interphase, mitosis, and

Consequences of Tattoos Free Essays

Acquiring tattoos without thinking of the consequences COM / 150 March 07, 2010 Michaela Roessner-Herman Tattoos: The 21st century status symbol. Individuals are crowding the tattoo shops to become part of this new wave crossing the country. This symbol admits them to the greatest show on earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Consequences of Tattoos or any similar topic only for you Order Now They become part of an elite group who has a sense of belonging and able to express their personalities without limits. Tattoos have been a part of history for hundred of years and cultures adopted tattooing for different symbolic meaning. In the Brief History of Tattoos and Body Arts (2007), some cultures tattoos symbolized strength, bravery, and spirituality while other cultures tattoos symbolized a form of punishments, outcast, and slavery. In today’s society, tattoos are simply body arts and a way of expression. Tattoos popularity is increasing among teens and young adults. Peer pressure is a cause for many young adults’ tattoos without thinking of the consequences this decision will have on their future. For some, a tattoo is a way of fitting in, feeling a sense of belonging and making a fashion statement. Reality shows, newspaper ads, TV ads and the Internet are all big influences regarding tattoos. These media sources depict tattoos as cool and creative status symbols. Athletes’ tattoos symbolize their strength, rappers’ their sense of accomplishment, Armed Forces for honor, actors, and actresses simply as body art. Other individuals’ tattoos represent personal meaning for a love one. Although tattoos can be nice, they carry negative connotations. Gang members’ tattoos are part of an initiation and show what gang they are with and prison inmates tattoos display membership to a certain groups as well as a part of a coding system. Even with the pain a person go through for a tattoo, he or she seldom think about the risks. Considered as cosmetics, the one thing tattoos have in common are health risks. Think before you Ink: Are Tattoos Safe? (2009), explains tattoo inks are not approved by the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) and many reports of bad reactions has started an investigation into tattoos safety. In Tattoos: Understanding risks and precautions (2010), when acquiring a tattoo; a tattoo artist uses a tattoo gun to apply color ink under the skin with needles. This process breaks the skin allowing bacteria to penetrate developing skin infections. Skin infections cause increasing redness, pain, swelling, and rashes. Tattoos are performed with needles increasing the development of other health risks such as Hepatitis, tuberculosis (TB), HIV and AIDS. A person who suffers from allergies can have an allergic reaction to the color ink (especially red dye that is non-hypoallergenic) that cause swelling, itching, hives, and with sever allergies, anaphylactic shock – a fatal systemic reaction. Health risks are not uncommon with tattoos. Many people frequent tattoo shops and have to depend on the shops employees to sterilize their equipments in effective and safe way. With of the popularity of tattoos, corporate America is beginning to see more tattoos in the workplace. Young adults with entry-level desire to work in corporate America faces judgment especially if the corporation fears employees’ tattoos will hurt their professional appearance. In some corporations with older executives, strict policies regarding visible tattoos are written in the company’s policy and enforced. Individuals with tattoos working in corporate America believes they are protected by the First Amendment rights to freedom of expression. This is not the case in the workplace. The article titled Body art in the workplace, confirms that â€Å"companies have a constitutional right to ban employees with tattoos. Companies can limit employees’ personal expression on the job as long as they do not impinge on their civil liberties. According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), employers re allowed to impose dress codes and appearance policies as long as they do not discriminate or hinder a person’s race, color, religion, age, national origin, or gender. † KnowledgeHR International (2010). Body art in the workplace. Retrieved February 2010. People entering corporate America believe they can cover up their tattoos. This is true depending on the size of the tattoo and how many he or she has. All too often people allow their emotions to dictate the numb ers and size of their tattoos. Unfortunately, this choice connects them to the negative association that was once attached to bikers, gang members, and prison inmates. This bias assessment is a barrier to career advancement. Promotions’ overlooked because visible tattoos are unprofessional looking and during interviews denied employment. This type of prejudice has led many people regretting their tattoos. Individuals who regret their tattoo is causing the dermatology industry to rocket. This decision, in some cases, has become a barrier for employment and for others; the symbol that once had meaning no longer exist. One of the most regrettable tattoo people insist on receiving is the name of a boyfriend, girlfriend, wife, or husband. (Hudson, 2009). Tattoos are meant to be â€Å"forever† and there are times when relationships or marriages are over and the constant reminder of his or hers name inked in the skin presents an expensive problem. Depending on the size and the location of a tattoo, the removal can be costly and painful. Hudson (2010) states several options for tattoo removal to include Laser, Intense Pulsed Light Therapy (IPL), and do- it-yourself creams. The laser removal is the most common for tattoos removal. Considering the size of the tattoo and the ink colors, removal can take from one to 10 sessions with no guarantee of scarring; each session costing in the range of $250 – $850. Despite the expense and pain, people are willing to go through any lengths to have this process performed. Individuals have choices. With choices come consequences. Consequences can be in the form of a positive or negative outcome. When making a permanent choice, think about not only the moment; consider the future. How to cite Consequences of Tattoos, Papers

Developing Strategic Management -Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Which leadership characteristic is should with hospitality industry, why? Compare type of leadership Give example. Answer: Leadership in the hospitality industry is critical to the success or failure of firms and organizations in this sector. Leadership can be defined as the sets of processes that influence individuals or groups to achieve a common purpose, goal or vision. Managers embody combinations of character traits that enable them to induce others to accomplish goals and targets within organizations. Leading and management is important in harnessing the synergies that are related in employee work engagement within an organization ( Cenki Ozcelik 2015, p. 11).The hospitality industry is primarily concerned with creating the ambience that provides comfort and relaxation to its patrons. This well-being of the customer can only be achieved under leadership that is transformational, incorporating the well-being of both the employees and the clients. Leadership styles Hospitality industry- hotels The core purpose of hotels is to provide patrons, travelers and customers with services and goods commercially for people who are far from their homes. These include shelter, refreshment and food which they could have enjoyed while in their homes. The hotel industry focuses on service to the customer and their satisfaction. The industry relies on the leisure time and disposable incomes of its customers as the driver of growth and revenue. Hotels are classified according to the size, location, level of service ownership and number of rooms. Sturman, Corgel Verma (2011, p.257) state that market and location are also used to classify the different hotels such as airport hotels, business hotels and suite hotels. Leadership and management within the hotel industry should ideally work in an equilibrium that is perfect (Oliver 2017).Leadership and direction works on two levels: management leadership and visionary leadership by the owners or principal investors. The style of leading then permeates to the entire hotel chain or brand and is seen in the distinct services and organizational culture of the hotel. The leadership within the hotel industry is tasked with setting the organizational purpose and vision, which is then institutionalized as organizational values. These values are important when providing service and also contribute to employee job satisfaction. For the hospitality industry, the autocratic and democratic styles may be applicable as it requires some measure of control and flexibility, which the two styles of leading provide. Leadership characteristics in the hospitality industry Vision-Vision is one amongst five key characteristics of leadership that are espoused within the hospitality industry (Michigan State University 2017). Vision acts as the roadmap that charts the way forward for firms involved in the hospitality industry. The vision that is posited will affect the organization corporately and the individual employees. The leader should be able to clearly see the strategic vision in the future and entrust it to the management team working with them. This is then shared across the organization and made operational at the functional level throughout the organization. Trust is essential between the vision bearer and the team tasked with implementation. Innovation-Innovation requires the leader to be a learner in order to be innovative (Robinson 2016). Reading is an important aspect that should be embraced by the leader in order to keep abreast with latest industry trends. The culture of reading also serves to improve leadership skills as a way of self-development (Soupios Mourdoukoutas 2015, p.9). The leader should also be a risk-taker when innovating new products and services within the hospitality industry (Michigan State University 2017).Risks taken call for an analysis of individual weaknesses and strengths and stepping out of the comfort zone. Failures encountered when innovating change should serve as inputs for consideration that can fast track future improvements. Inspiration- Inspiration is an important characteristic that serves to bring out the best in the associates and employees working in the hospitality industry (Michigan State University 2017). The inspiration begins with sharing the vision and enabling others to implement it. Resources necessary to implement it should be availed while the leader should be the model that inspires others to productivity. Leadership by example that allows for others to make mistakes and learn is critical in inspiring others to excellence. Building confidence in the ability of other people empowers the employees to aspire for excellence and success as personal standard. Oliver (2017, p. 36) propounds that inspired followers are generally more productive, motivated and achieve set goals and objectives. Strategic Management- The strategic management should within the parameters of having distinctive competencies, scope and resource deployment. The distinctive competency is obtained through impacting relevant industry knowledge and skills to employees (Griffin 2017). This helps to distinguish the facility as a unique brand over its competitor. Scope involves the specific market in which the facility will compete and specialize such as hotels or hostels. Resource deployment allocates resources in areas such as improved technology and less on human resources. An example is the strategic plan to expand into new markets such as China and making long-term projections that cover five to ten years. Managing and motivation- Management should motivate the employees through extrinsic and intrinsic factors according to the Herzberg two-factor theory (Nelson Quick 2011, p.160). The extrinsic factors include the status and job security of the employee, the salary being earned and fringe benefits such as bonuses paid for exemplary performance. Well paid employees who feel secure about their jobs will perform better than those who are underpaid and do not have job security. The intrinsic factors such as the potential for career growth and recognition for promotion at work will affect the levels of motivation of the employee. Emotional intelligence inculcated within employees will help them to develop positive job attitudes such as organizational commitment. An example is a sales accountant who is employed on a fixed contract which is renewable and is paid bonuses on sales targets met. Such an employee will be highly involved in their job and may exceed normal expectations. Organizing and Controlling- The leadership within the hospitality industry should have clear lines of authority that spell out the responsibility of each employee. This ensures that standards within the industry, in terms of respect to quality, quantity and performance are maintained. The organizational design should preferably be tall with narrow spans of control. This aims to delegate authority to the employees and encourage their participation in the decision making process (Griffin 2017). An example is the concierge of a hotel and how they receive hotel clients. Their interaction should be standardized according to industry standards and should not deviate from the set procedures. Organizing and control also extends to job rotation, enlargement and enrichment in order to widen the skills of the employees within a framework of the chain of command within the facility such as a hotel. Choose and compare leadership styles Transformational leadership-The two most commonly practiced styles of leadership are the transformational and transactional styles of leadership. The preferred leadership that facilitates the greatest well-being for the employee and the customer is the transformational style of leading. The key aspects of the transformational leadership include; recognizing and encouraging the ability of other workers, shaping vision which is then shared, sharing success, determination and placing the needs of others above the leader (Khan Nawaz 2016). The transformational leader seeks to fuse together their aspirations with those of their followers. Morality is given significance when setting out to achieve objectives and goals. Transformational leadership positively impacts the most common causes of stress in the hospitality industry: workload, concerns about career, stress arising because of roles, schedules, content and control of the work assigned. Transformational leadership within the industry has been shown to have greater subordinate satisfaction arising out of trusting the leader (Sudha, Shahnawaz Farhat 2016, p. 112). Performance is higher when the transformational leadership style is employed in the hospitality industry. Work is given meaning by infusing commitment with moral purpose, which translates into well-being for the followers. The critical dimensions that set apart this style of leadership are inspiring motivation, influence which is idealized, intellectual stimulation and consideration at the individual level. Transactional leadership- The transactional leadership works through clearly set out structures which set out goals and rewards (Gandolfi Stone 2017, p.24). Penalties and punishments are implicitly understood even when they are not explicitly mentioned. The assumptions underlying this style are that people are motivated by systems of punishment and reward. The other assumption is that structures of leadership work through a clear command chain. The leader gives rewards when targets are met and only intervenes when problems arise. A good example is the giving of bonuses when sales targets are met while intervening when there are customer complaints. Transactional leadership is dominated by the manager while the employee is dominant in the transformational style. Example in the industry- Ritz Carlton The style of leadership at the Ritz Carlton is transformational that is based on ladies and gentlemen serving other ladies and gentlemen. The management delegates authority to the employees that allows for discretionary service in the hotel. Every staff member is allowed to spend to a maximum of $2000 on a guest (Reiss 2009). This concept is to allow the staff to create a memorable stay for the hotel clients. This shows the leadership works with trust in the subordinates that should be to inspire excellence in customer service. Leadership defines and reinforces the appropriate norm of service which the hotel employees can then emulate. This is achieved with their traditional line-up where employees are inspired daily before beginning work. Conclusion The transformational style of leadership is important in the hospitality industry due to several reasons. Behavior that is modeled by the leader wins respect and can then be emulated in the hospitality industry. Time spent working with colleagues allows for reinforcement of cultural values with the employees. Stories that are told by the leader help the organizational culture to come alive. Vision is inspired when there is trust while employees are allowed to challenge the process in order to improve it. New opportunities for collaboration are then identified when the process is challenged. Transformational leadership is therefore important in the hospitality industry in linking managers as the leaders and the staff following them. References Cenkci, AT, zelik, G, 2015, 'Leadership Styles and Subordinate Work Engagement: The Moderating Impact of Leader Gender', Global Business Management Research, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 8-20. Gandolfi, F, Stone, S, 2017, 'The Emergence of Leadership Styles: A Clarified Categorization', Review of International Comparative Management / Revista de Management Comparat International, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 18-30. Griffin, R. W, 2017, Management. Boston, Cengage Learning. Khan, I, Nawaz, A, 2016, 'The Leadership styles and the employees performance: A Review', Gomal University Journal of Research, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 144-150. Michigan State University, 2017, 5 Essentials of hospitality leadership, viewed 12 August 2017, https://www.michiganstateuniversityonline.com/resources/hospitality/the-5-essentials-of-hospitality-leadership/#.WY7XUFWg_IV Nagendra, A, Farooqui, S, 2016, 'Role of leadership style on organizational performance', CLEAR International Journal of Research in Commerce Management, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 65-67. Nelson, D. L., Quick, J. C, 2011, Organizational behavior: science, the real world, and you. Mason, OH, USA, South-Western Cengage Learning. Oliver, M, 2017, 'Leader Or Manager?', Leadership Excellence Essentials, 34, 4, p. 36, Advanced Placement Source, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 August 2017. Reiss, R, 2009, How Ritz-Carlton stays at the top, viewed 12 August 2017, https://www.forbes.com/2009/10/30/simon-cooper-ritz-leadership-ceonetwork-hotels.html Robinson, JL, 2016, 'Connecting Leadership and Learning: Do Versatile Learners Make Connective Leaders?',Higher Learning Research Communications, vol. 6, no. 1. Soupios, MA, Mourdoukoutas, P, 2015, The Ten Golden Rules of Leadership : Classical Wisdom for Modern Leaders, AMACOM, New York. Sturman, M. C., Corgel, J. B., Verma, R, 2011,The Cornell School of Hotel Administration on Hospitality: cutting edge thinking and practice, Hoboken, N.J., John Wiley Sons. Sudha, KS, Shahnawaz, MG, Farhat, A, 2016, 'Leadership Styles, Leaders Effectiveness and Well-being: Exploring Collective Efficacy as a Mediator', Vision (09722629), vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 111-120. Available from: 10.1177/0972262916637260. [12 August 2017].

Investigatory Projects Essay Example

Investigatory Projects Essay Flowers Used for Dye Hollyhocks Hollyhock, or Alcea rosea, petals are available in varying shades from nearly white to almost black. The dyes made from these petals range in color from bright green to greenish brown depending upon how the blossoms are prepared. According to Rakhi Shanker and Padma S. Vankar from the Facility for Ecological and Analytical Testing in Kanpur, India, a substance such as alum or other metal salts is used to make the dye stay on the fabric without quickly washing out. This substance is called a mordant. Shanker and Vankar experimented with mordants such as copper sulphate and stannic chloride as well as alum and found that the color varied depending upon which mordant was used. Saffron Saffron, or Crocus sativus, creates a strong yellow dye. According to W. P. Armstrong from Palomar College, saffrons blossoms contain a coloring pigment in their stigmas, which are the long tube-like structures inside the middle of the blossoms. This coloring pigment is called crocin, and it is a distant relative of vitamin A. The stigmas are dried and used for dyeing. The website indicates that approximately 4000 flowers are needed to make a single ounce of dye. Saffron was once used to dye the robes of Irish royalty, according to Armstrong. It is used most often as a food coloring. Royal Poinciana Delonix regia is also known as Royal poinciana or Gulmohur. These trees produce striking golden and scarlet flowers during the spring. Dyes created from gulmohur blossoms range in shades from golden yellow to dark brown, depending upon the mordant. According to K. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Projects specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Projects specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Projects specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Anitha and S. N. Prasad from the Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History in India, dyes that used turmeric powder as a mordant produced golden yellow or dark tan shades on silk depending upon whether the whole flowers or just the petals were used. A 10 percent alum solution produced olive green. Safflower Younsook Shin from Chonnam National University in Korea indicates that Korea has a long tradition of using safflower as a natural dye. Safflower petals contain carthamin, which produces red, and safflower yellow B, which roduces an orange-yellow color. Healthline adds that safflowers were traditionally used to dye silk yellow or red. The blossoms were also dried, finely ground and mixed with talc to produce rouge. Safflower dye is commonly used to add color to foods. Making Natural Dyes From Plants Did you know that a great source for natural dyes can be found right in your own back yard! Roots, nuts and flowers are just a few common natural ways to get many colors. Yel low, orange, blue, red, green, brown and grey are available. Go ahead, experiment! Gathering plant material for dyeing: Blossoms should be in full bloom, berries ripe and nuts mature. Remember, never gather more than 2/3 of a stand of anything in the wild when gathering plant stuff for dying. To make the dye solution: Chop plant material into small pieces and place in a pot. Double the amount of water to plant material. Bring to a boil, then simmer for about an hour. Strain. Now you can add your fabric to be dyed. For a stronger shade, allow material to soak in the dye overnight. Getting the fabric ready for the dye bath: You will have to soak the fabric in a color fixative before the dye process. This will make the color set in the fabric. Color Fixatives: Salt Fixative (for berry dyes) 1/2 cup salt to 8 cups cold water Plant Fixatives (for plant dyes) 4 parts cold water to 1 part vinegar Add fabric to the fixative and simmer for an hour. Rinse the material and squeeze out excess. Rinse in cool water until water runs clear. Dye Bath: Place wet fabric in dye bath. Simmer together until desired color is obtained. The color of the fabric will be lighter when its dry. Also note that all dyed fabric should be laundered in cold water and separately. Muslin, silk, cotton and wool work best for natural dyes and the lighter the fabric in color, the better. White or pastel colors work the best. NOTE: Its best to use an old large pot as your dye vessel. Wear rubber gloves to handle the fabric that has been dyed, the dye can stain your hands. Its also important to note, some plant dyes may be toxic, check with the Poison Control Center if unsure. Shades of orange -Alder Bark (orange) Bloodroot will give a good orange to reddish orange color. Sassafras (leaves) Onion (skin) – orange Lichen (gold) Carrot (roots) orange Lilac (twigs) yellow/orange Barberry (mahonia sp. ) yellow orange (with alum) very strong ; permanent. Any part of the plant will work. Giant Coreopsis (Coreopsis gigantea) Yields bright permanent orange with alum. Turmeric dyed cloth will turn orange or red if it is dipped in lye. Pomagrante – with alum anywhere fro m orange to khaki green. Butternut (seed husks) orange Eucaluptus (leaves and bark) beautiful shades of tan, orange and brown. Shades of red Elderberry red Red leaves will give a reddish brown color I use salt to set the dye. Sumac (fruit) light red Sycamore (bark)- red Dandelion (root) Beets deep red Bamboo turkey red Crab Apple (bark) red/yellow Rose (hips) Chokecherries Madder (root) red Hibiscus Flowers (dried) Kool-aid Canadian Hemlock (bark) reddish brown Japanese Yew (heartwood) brown dye Wild ripe Blackberries Brazilwood St. Johns Wort (whole plant) soaked in alcohol red Bedstraw (root) red

Government Sales of Public Land (BLM)

Government Sales of Public Land (BLM) Contrary to bogus advertising, the U.S. government does not offer free or cheap land to the public. However, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior, does occasionally sells parcels of publicly-owned land under certain conditions. The federal government has two major categories which it makes land available for sale to the public: real property and public land. Real Property is primarily developed land with buildings, usually acquired by the federal government for specific purposes, such as military bases or office buildings. Persons interested in buying real property should contact the General Services Administration (GSA), which is the federal agency responsible for selling developed surplus property.Public Land is undeveloped land with no improvements, usually part of the original public domain established during the western expansion of the United States. Most of this land is in the 11 Western States and Alaska, although some scattered parcels are in the East. Government Land Fast Facts The U.S. federal government no longer sells land to the public for less than the property’s appraised fair market value.The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) occasionally sells developed real property or undeveloped (raw) publicly-owned land by either direct sales or through competitive bidding at public auctions.Most undeveloped public land sold by the BLM is located in the Western States and Alaska. Developed real property, including buildings and utilities may be located in any part of the country.Under federal law, the BLM is required to hold most land and real property in public ownership, unless its disposal is deemed appropriate by the agency’s land use officials. Not Much Public Land for Sale The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is responsible for the sale of surplus public land. Because of congressional restrictions enacted in 1976, the BLM generally retains most public lands in public ownership. However, the BLM does occasionally sell parcels of land where the agency’s land-use planning division finds disposal of surplus is appropriate. What About Land in Alaska? While many people are interested in buying public land for homesteading in Alaska, the BLM advises that due to existing land entitlements to the State of Alaska and to Alaska Natives, no BLM public land sales will be conducted in Alaska for the foreseeable future.   No Water, No Sewer The parcels sold by the BLM are undeveloped land with no improvements (water, sewer, etc.) and are usually located in the western states. The lands are generally rural woodland, grassland, or desert. How the Land is Sold The BLM has three options for selling land: modified competitive bidding where some preferences to adjoining landowners are recognized;direct sale to one party where circumstances warrant; andcompetitive bidding at a public auction. The method of sale is determined by the BLM on a case-by-case basis, depending on the circumstances of each particular parcel or sale. By law, the lands are offered for sale at fair market value. There is No 'Free' Government Land Public lands are sold at not less than fair market value as determined by a federal appraisal. Considerations such as legal and physical access, the highest and best use of the property, comparable sales in the area, and the availability of water all affect the land value. There are no free lands.By law, BLM must have the property to be sold appraised by a qualified appraiser to determine the current market value of the property. The appraisal must then be reviewed and approved by the Department of Interiors Appraisal Services Directorate. The minimum acceptable bid amount for a parcel of land will be established by the Federal appraisal. Who Can Buy Public Land? According to the BLM purchasers of public land must be: United States citizens 18 years of age or older;corporations subject to the laws of the United States or of any state;a U.S. state, state organization, or state political subdivision authorized to hold title or property; orentities capable of conveying and holding lands or interests therein under state law.   Some federal employees are prohibited from buying public land and all buyers are required to submit a Certificate of Eligibility and may be required to submit articles of incorporation or other documentation. Can You Just Buy a Small Home Site? Many people are looking for small lots or parcels suitable for building a single home. While the BLM does occasionally sell small parcels suitable as home sites, the agency will not subdivide parcels of public land in order to facilitate a prospective buyer’s wish to acquire a home site. BLM determines the sizes and configuration of parcels for sale based on factors such as existing land ownership patterns, marketability, and costs of processing. What if You are the Low Bidder? Winning bidders on public land sold by competitive sales or at public auctions are required to submit a non-refundable deposit of no less than 20% of the bid amount before the closing of business on the day of the auction. In addition, all sealed bids must include guaranteed funds, such as a cashier’s check or money order, for no less than 10% of the amount of the bid. Balances of the total sale price must be paid in full within 180 days of the sale date. The public notices of the sales will contain detailed information on the requirements, terms, and conditions applicable to the sale.  Ã‚   How BLM Land Sales are Advertised Land sales are listed in local newspapers and in the Federal Register. In addition, notices of land sales, along with instructions to prospective buyers, are often listed on the various state BLM websites.

Australian Competition and Connection Consumer Commission

Coles is a huge brand in Australia and the provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010, (Cth) apply on the company. To meet with the regulatory compliance of this act, Coles has opted for a few strategies. These strategies include providing better shopping experience to its customers, improving the quality by use of fresher produce and offering better value by lowering the prices of weekly shopping basket. The Annual Report of Coles for the financial year 2015 stated its objectives as delivering a better store network; focus on freshness and creating trusted value. By supplying better quality products, Coles is working towards creating trusted value. Coles Online is a part of the company which also shares the same strategy of providing better services, by making shopping easy for its customers. This strategy has a clear and strong focus on delivering savings to its customers. Coles Express had introduced trusted Every Day Value pricing in its stores for fulfillment of this strategy (Coles, 2015). The slogans of the company, used from time to time are aligned with the, objectives of the Act. Whether it is the slogan used in 1980s of â€Å"You'll find the best value is at Coles New World"  or the one used from 1998 to 2003, which was "Serving you better†, Coles has ensured that the objectives of the Act are met. The current slogan of the company â€Å"Down Down† promotes competition (Mortimer, 2015). The strategies of Coles seem plain advertisement criteria, but a careful observation of the wordings clarifies the objective behind these strategies. The Act, through its various provisions, provides that a business has to ensure that the produce provided to the consumers, is safe for human consumption. Further, the products which have a low shelf life have to be provided to the customers, within the shelf life of such product. The act also provides that the inertest of the consumer have to be secured. All the strategies of Coles reflect the objective of the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010. The objective of this Act is to enhance the welfare of the Australians by promoting competition, free trading and providing provisions for consumer protection (Australian Government, 2016). The strategy of Coles is to provide fresher products to its customers. By providing fresher produce, the company sets examples to its competitors to ensure that the consumers ultimately benefit from its business. A better store network would ensure that the customers do not face any hassles in their shopping experience. One of the strategies of Coles is to provide better products at lower values. By ensuring a combination of better product with low costs, a sense of competition is attained. The other companies would also move towards providing such services. The consumer would get better products at lesser prices. This would again promote competition. Coles had its share of problems with the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. The Court in the case of ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 1405 held that the company was engaged in unconscionable conduct and levied a penalty of $10 million on it (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2014). The judge held that the misconduct of Coles was deliberate, repeated and serious. Further, the judge held that the company had misused its bargaining power and the conduct of Coles was contrary to the conscience (Australian Competition Law, 2015). This created a huge problem for Coles as it failed on its strategies to promote competition. On the basis of above case, certain recommendations have been drafted for Coles to improve the management activities of the company, in order to comply with the competition law. The main recommendation for Coles is that, it has to ensure that the incidents mentioned in the above case are not repeated. It should conduct its business in a way which is considered as conscience. It should, at no instance, threaten to harm its suppliers who refused to comply with the Company’s demands. Coles has to promote fair trading in its business, along with promoting competition amongst the businesses. Coles has to ensure that it does not indulge in any sort of misleading and deceptive conduct. Further, as the unconscionable and misleading conduct has been prohibited through this Act, Coles has to make sure that it does not take part in such conduct. There has already been a case against Coles in this regard, and any more cases would mean that the company fails to achieve its strategies of creating trusted value. There is also scope of improvement in the management activities of the company to ensure compliance of competition law. The company is working towards providing fresher produce but by creating a better supply chain, the time of getting the produce from suppliers to the supermarket can be reduced. This would ensure that the consumers gets fresh produce and promotes competition. To conclude, it is recommended to the company that they follow the provisions of the Act strictly and ensure that the instances of unconscionable conduct are not repeated. Keeping in view the incident that occurred, the grounds for successful negligence along with the consequences to Bungee World Ltd (BW) have been enlightened here. Recommendations are also provided to resolve the potentially damaging public relations problem in the best possible way. Negligence is the civil wrong done where a duty of care was owed by a person towards another person and the person failed to fulfill this duty, which resulted in a loss or injury to the other person. To establish that the liability arose under the tort of negligence, certain elements have to be present. These elements include a duty of care, a breach of such duty of care, a loss or injury as a result of breach of the duty, and that the loss or injury has to be relevant and not too remote. As per the Civil Liability Act, 2002 (NSW), a person is not considered as negligent unless the risk was predictable, the risk was not at all insignificant and in similar circumstances a prudent person would have taken proper precautions. A landmark case in the duty of care is the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (Boella and Pannett, 1999). Further, a standard of care has to be ensured as was seen in the case of Bathurst Regional Council v Thompson [2012] NSWCA 340 (Sheehan, 2012). Though a defense is available to the breaching party which states that, a person has to ensure his own safety when the risks are presumed. In such a case, the aggrieved party cannot sue the breaching party as they failed to take the duty of care for themselves. This was also established in the case of Mulligan v Coffs Harbour City Council (2005) 223 CLR (High Court of Australia, 2005). But, in the case of Rootes v Shelton (1967) 116 CLR 383, 385-6, the judge held that when the risk is inherent, the people are bound to accept it to engage in the risky sports (Swarb, 2016). And so, this cannot be referred as a defense by the breaching party. Damage is not only the physical damage, but also the emotional distress. In the case of Baltic Shipping v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344, it was held that the applicant could recover damages for the emotional distress that resulted from the breach of duty of care (Australian Contract Law, 2013). In the present case, BW was providing the services of Bungee Jumping for a fee of $50. Further, a waiver form had to be signed by the customers to undertake this activity. As has been established from the famous cases, this does not reduce the liability of BW in case of an injury. BW owed a duty of care towards Loki and had to ensure that the equipment for the bungee jumping was safe and secure. Further, the risk of corrosion was inherent due to the sea moisture present in the air. In this case, BW is liable for negligence as it breached the duty of care it owed to Loki. Further, as stated above, the injury does not have to be a physical and a mental injury is enough to claim damages under negligence. In this case, Loki did not suffer any physical injury but suffered a nervous shock. So, he can successfully sue BW for negligence. As a result of this negligence action taken by Loki, BW will be liable to pay Loki the monetary damages, as a remedy for the injury which Loki suffered. This is a potentially damaging public relations problem and so an effective crisis management is needed to resolve this problem. It is recommended to the Board that the problem should be assessed properly and an understanding should be gained regarding the potential stakeholder, which is Loki in this case. The Board should take steps in providing compensation to Loki before he takes any legal action. This would not only save the costs of legal proceedings, but also act as a shield against the damage done to Loki, as well as, to the image of the company. It is also recommended to the Board to ensure that the faulty equipment is changed and that all the old equipment is checked for its durability and safety. The Board should properly advertise the remedial actions taken as well as the voluntary compensation provided to Loki, so that the image of the company, in the eyes of the public, is improved. Lastly, it is recommended to the company formulate a proper crisis management team which can anticipate, identify and monitor such crisis which have a negated impact on the image of the company (Bernstein, 2016). The 10 minimum employment entitlements which are provided to the workers in Australia as per the Fair Works Act, 2009, are known as the National Employment Standards, or NES. An enterprise agreement or any other registered agreement, an employment contract, or an award are not allowed to provide such conditions, which are less than the NES or the national minimum wages. It can be rightly inferred that the NES and the national minimum wage cover the minimum entitlements for the workers in this country. The 10 minimum entitlements as are stated in the NES includes requests for flexible working arrangements; annual leave; maximum weekly hours; parental leave and related entitlements; long service leave; fair work information statement; personal careers leave and compassionate leave; community service leave; public holidays; and a notice of termination and redundancy pay (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). These standards apply to all such employees who are covered in the national workplace relations system by the NES, irrespective of the registered agreement, employment contract, or the award. Casual employees are also eligible to NES entitlements, when it relates to an unpaid compassionate leave, an unpaid carer’s leave, the Fair Work Information Statement, or the community service leave (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). The head of human resources of an Australian engineering company needs to ensure that the company does not contravene these standards. These standards contain that the maximum standard working week should be within the limits of 38 hours for any full time employee, along with the reasonable additional hours. It has to be ensured that the right to request some flexible working arrangement is present. The parental and adoption unpaid leave of 12 months should be available for the employees along with a right to seek an additional 12 months. The paid annual leave of four weeks should be available with the employees for each year, on pro rata basis (The Australian Workers’ Union, 2016). Further, a ten day paid personal or carer’s leave should be available with the employees for each year, on pro rata basis, along with two days unpaid carer’s leave for each permissible occasion, and two days paid compassionate leave for each permissible occasion. The head of HR also has to ensure that proper leaves for jury service, as well as, for emergencies and natural disasters are provided to its employees. Such person also has to ensure that the new employees receive the Fair Work Information Statement. The employees have to be entitled to take the public holidays and the entitlement be paid for ordinary hours for such days. Lastly, the long service leave and notice of termination as well as redundancy pay has to be made available (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). The section 3 of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) defines the term consumer. A person who acquires goods or services and the amount paid for such goods or services does not exceed $40,000, is a consumer (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016). Such goods and services must be used for personal only and not for re-supply, to fall under the category of consumer. Further, Section 21 of the ACL contains provisions regarding unconscionable conduct in relation to the goods or services. Section 21(1) prohibits a person from supplying or acquiring goods and services, to or from, a person in a manner where the conduct is considered as unconscionable (Australian Competition Law, 2014). Though, the sections of ACL do not define what is considered as unconscionable conduct and hence, reliance is made to the Courts to consider whether an act can be termed as unconscionable conduct or not (Find Law Australia, 2016). The courts generally rely on the following points to consider the conduct as unconscionable conduct: the strength in the bargaining capabilities of the consumer and the supplier; if the consumer was required to comply with the conditions of the supplier, which were not reasonable in the interests of the consumer, and the supplier’s conduct had forced the consumer to comply with such conditions; whether or not the consumer had a clear understanding regarding the appropriate documents related to the supply of goods and services; whether the supplier exerted any pressure or undue influence on the consumer; and such circumstances where the consumer could have taken the goods or supplier from any other supplier. If a supplier is found guilty of contravening the section 21 of the ACL, such supplier is then liable to civil pecuniary penalties of $220,000 for persons (other than body corporate) and for body corporate the penalty amount is $1.1 million. Further, the enforcement powers and remedies can also be applied on the supplier for contravening this section. These include injunctions, damages, substantial notices, undertakings, infringement notices, and non-punitive orders, amongst the other things (Australian Consumer Law, 2013). As the sale of the Ono water filter amounted to $2000, Rebecca would be considered as a consumer under the ACL. Dave had used undue influence on Rebecca and forced her to purchase the filter. Further, he used his strength of bargaining position and forced Rebecca to waive the cooling off period. Rebecca had no need to purchase the filter but the unconscionable conduct of Dave compelled her to buy the filter. Hence, Dave contravened the sections of ACL and as a result, Rebecca has the right to seek compensation from Dave. Further, Dave is also liable to civil pecuniary penalties of $220,000. Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2016) Competition And Consumer Act 2010 - Schedule 2. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2014) Court finds Coles engaged in unconscionable conduct and orders Coles pay $10 million penalties. [Online] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Available from: https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/court-finds-coles-engaged-in-unconscionable-conduct-and-orders-coles-pay-10-million-penalties [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition Law. (2014) Section 21: Unconscionable conduct in connection with goods or services. [Online] Australian Competition Law. Available from: https://www.australiancompetitionlaw.org/legislation/provisions/acl21.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition Law. (2015) ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 1405 (22 December 2014). [Online] Australian Competition Law. Available from: https://www.australiancompetitionlaw.org/cases/2014coles.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Consumer Law. (2013) The Australian Consumer Law: A framework overview. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://consumerlaw.gov.au/files/2015/06/ACL_framework_overview.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Contract Law. (2013) Baltic Shipping v Dillon High Court of Australia (1993) 176 CLR 344. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/baltic.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Government. (2016) Competition and Consumer Act 2010. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2011C00003/Html/Volume_1#param2 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Bernstein, J. (2016) The 10 Steps of Crisis Communications. [Online] Bernstein Crisis Management. Available from: https://www.bernsteincrisismanagement.com/the-10-steps-of-crisis-communications/ [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Boella, M., and Pannett, A. (1999) Principles of Hospitality Law. 2nd ed. UK: Thomson Learning, pp 16-17. Coles. (2015) Annual Report 2015. [Online] Coles. https://www.coles.com.au/~/media/files/coles/pdfs/industry%20reports/467372_coles_annual_report_2015_18.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016) Fair Work Information Statement. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/724/Fair-Work-Information-Statement.pdf.aspx [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016) National Employment Standards. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Find Law Australia. (2016) Consumer law: What is unconscionable conduct?. [Online] Find Law Australia. Available from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/4474/consumer-law-what-is-unconscionable-conduct-.aspx [Accessed on: 20/09/16] High Court of Australia. (2005) Mulligan v Coffs Harbour City Council [2005] HCA 63. [Online] High Court of Australia. Available from: https://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/downloadPdf/2005/HCA/63 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Mortimer, G. (2015) Down, down but not different: Australia’s supermarkets in a race to the bottom. [Online] Queensland University of Technology. Available from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/92666/2/92666.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Sheehan, E. (2012) Council fails in reliance on s 42 defence – accident on steps of rotunda in park - Bathurst Regional Council as Trustee for the Bathurst City Council Crown Reserves Reserve Trust v Thompson [2012] NSWCA 340. [Online] Curwoods Lawyers Case Notes. Available from: https://casenotes.curwoods.com.au/?p=2002 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Swarb. (2016) Rootes V Shelton; 1965. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/rootes-v-shelton-1965/ [Accessed on: 20/09/16] The Australian Workers’ Union. (2016) National Employment Standards. [Online] The Australian Workers’ Union. Available from: https://www.awu.net.au/national-employment-standards [Accessed on: 20/09/16].

Reader Response Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reader Response Analysis - Essay Example might sometimes misunderstand the author because the author concludes that even though one may take as much precaution as possible, it is impossible be alive in the end. Thus, the story though actually begins on a wary and precautionary note; it reinforces a bigger truth that everyone has eventually to die at the end of life. The basic premise of the story is related to the modern world, where murder as a crime is on the increase on even in a day-to day basis, but the culture of UAE is different from this situation because it promotes harmony and well-being among all citizens. In my opinion, this story is full of contradiction. It is a bit strange for me because I never saw a narrative that had contradiction ideas in the same story. However, from the authors viewpoint, the girls should be careful with themselves to reduce their murder rate. The author gives the girls advice on ways they can reduce the murder rate. In the Beginning, there is no safe place in this world. That is according to what the writers said "install alarm systems on every window, every doorway in your house. Better, do not live in a house. Go co-op" (Monson 205). I think that this statement is unclear because if we tried to put alarms on the windows and doors that will inform the victim of any potential threat, but it is the wrong attitude having a notion that everybody is threatened. Further, the author suggests that to protect oneself, one must not stay in one place for a long time. This is absurd because just in the previous statement, he asked the protagonist to install alarms, not even stay in one place for a long time that is impossible for a girl of seventeen years. In addition, it is unclear what is the essence of installing alarm systems on the doors and windows if she is not going to live in one single place for a long time. My response that is provided here is based on the social framework and in relation to th e present society in which we live that promotes amiability, friendship,